Mine ban policy overview

Policy

The People’s Republic of Bangladesh signed the Mine Ban Treaty on 7 May 1998, ratified on 6 September 2000, and became a State Party on 1 March 2001.

Bangladesh has not drafted implementation legislation for the Mine Ban Treaty.[1] In 2009, Bangladesh stated that it “is aware of its obligation in terms of enacting enabling legislation in support of the provisions of the Anti-personnel Mine Convention. Recently the government has initiated the process to draft legislation banning the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of Anti-personnel Mines.”[2] Bangladesh has made similar statements each year since 2002. In 2013, Bangladesh reported, “necessary implementation measures are in process” under national implementation measures.[3]

Bangladesh attended the Twelfth Meeting of States Parties in Geneva in December 2012 but did not make any statements and did not attend the intersessional meetings in May 2013.

Bangladesh submitted its annual Article 7 report on 28 February 2013, covering the period from 1 March 2012 to 28 February 2013.[4]

Bangladesh is party to the Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) and its Amended Protocol II on landmines.[5] It attended the Fourteenth Annual Conference of the protocol on 14 November 2012 but has not submitted an annual report as required by Article 13 since 2006.

Production, transfer, use, stockpiling, and destruction

Bangladeshi officials have often stated that the country has never produced or exported antipersonnel mines and never used antipersonnel mines within the country or along its borders.[6]

Bangladesh completed destruction of 189,227 stockpiled antipersonnel mines in February 2005.[7]

Bangladesh has 2,499 Iranian-produced M18A1 Claymore-type mines that it maintains can only be used in command-detonated mode, and therefore are not prohibited by the Mine Ban Treaty.[8] Bangladesh has not described in detail the specific measures it has taken to ensure that the mines can only be used in command-detonated mode, as has been urged by other States Parties.

In February 2013, cross-border traders informed the Monitor that officers of the Nasaka (Burmese Border Forces) warned them that an operation to lay landmines along the land border between Myanmar and Bangladesh would begin soon. On 12 February 2013, residents of Naikongchari in Bangladesh stated to the Monitor that a Bangladeshi national saw an object which he alleged looked like a landmine near pillar 51 (the border is marked by numbered pillars). Local Border Guard of Bangladesh (BGB) forces went to pillar 51 and removed the object and reportedly sent it to their battalion office at Naikongchari.[9] Another news report noted that mines had been planted in the areas near border pillars 37 to 40. Later in February, the BGB issued a warning to locals to avoid border area and increased their surveillance to prevent people from getting near the border.[10]

In March 2013, the ICBL wrote to Bangladesh’s Minister of Foreign Affairs to request information on any recent landmine use along Bangladesh’s border with Myanmar and reminded the government that Bangladesh should declare any recovered antipersonnel landmines from its border areas in its Article 7 Report. The ICBL asked if the minister “could confirm whether military forces from Myanmar recently laid mines on Bangladeshi territory or transited Bangladesh territory to undertake mine laying on Myanmar territory, and we would welcome any additional information you have on this matter.”[11] As of October 2013, the ICBL had received no response to its letter.

Mines retained for research and training

Bangladesh has retained 12,500 antipersonnel mines for research and training under Article 3 of the treaty, which is the second highest number among States Parties. The number of antipersonnel mines retained since Bangladesh’s initial Article 7 report in 2002 has remained unchanged.[12] This indicates that mines are not being consumed during any training or research activities.

In December 2009, Bangladesh said that the retained mines “are used only to impart training to Bangladesh Armed Forces personnel, specifically to assist engineering contingents to prepare for UN peacekeeping missions with de-mining mandate.”[13] In the past, Bangladesh Army officials have stated that they need a large number of retained mines because they believe that deminer training requires live rather than dummy mines and because engineering units and training facilities are spread all over the country.[14]

In its Article 7 reports, Bangladesh has not used the expanded Form D for reporting on retained mines that State Parties agreed to in 2005. The form is intended to ensure that States Parties are transparent about the precise intended purposes, actual uses, and future plans for use of retained mines.

Policy

The People’s Republic of Bangladesh has not acceded to the Convention on Cluster Munitions.

Bangladesh has never made a public statement regarding its position on joining the convention. In April 2014, a government representative informed the CMC that the ban convention will be examined by a recently established Committee on International Humanitarian Law that is responsible for reviewing relevant international treaties.[1] Previously, in 2010, another official informed the CMC that Bangladesh’s accession to the convention was a matter of priorities.[2]

Bangladesh participated in several meetings of the Oslo Process that created the convention, but did not attend the formal negotiations in Dublin in May 2008.[3] Bangladesh attended a regional conference on cluster munitions in Bali, Indonesia in November 2009.

Bangladesh participated as an observer in the convention’s Fourth Meeting of States Parties in Lusaka, Zambia in September 2013, but did not make any statements. Bangladesh also attended intersessional meetings of the convention in Geneva in 2011 and in April 2014.

Bangladesh is a State Party to the Mine Ban Treaty. It is also party to the Convention on Conventional Weapons.

Use, production, transfer, and stockpiling

Bangladesh is not known to have used, produced, or exported cluster munitions, and is not known to possess any stockpiles of the weapons. In September 2013, a representative of Bangladesh’s Armed Forces told the CMC that Bangladesh does not possess cluster munitions.[4]

Casualties

In 2012, no new landmine/explosive remnants of war (ERW) casualties were identified in the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. The last recorded casualties occurred in 2008 when there were three reported ERW casualties in two incidents.[1] The last reported mine casualties were in 2001.

The total number of casualties from mines and ERW in Bangladesh is not known. Between 1993 and the end of 2008, there were at least 198 mine/ERW casualties; 66 people were killed and another 132 injured in landmine/ERW incidents.[2]

Victim Assistance

The total number of mine/ERW survivors living in Bangladesh is not known.

There is no specific victim assistance policy or program in Bangladesh. There is, however, an overall legal framework regarding persons with disabilities. The 2013 Disability Rights and Protection Act provides for equal treatment and freedom from discrimination for persons with disabilities. The law focuses on prevention of disability, treatment, education, rehabilitation, social protection, employment, transport accessibility, and advocacy. The law contains extensive accessibility requirements for new buildings. However, construction plans for new buildings were approved without compliance with these requirements.[3]

The Ministry of Social Welfare and the National Foundation for the Development of the Disabled are the government agencies responsible for protecting the rights of persons with disabilities.

Bangladesh ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities on 30November 2007.