Angola

Last Updated: 21 August 2012

Casualties and Victim Assistance

Casualties Overview

All known casualties by end 2011

Unknown; many thousands

Casualties in 2011

89 (2010: 42)

2011 casualties by outcome

38 killed; 51 injured; (2009: 18 killed; 24 injured)

2011 casualties by item type

20 antipersonnel mines; 5 antivehicle mines; 28 ERW; 36 unknown explosive items

Details and trends

In 2011, the Monitor identified 89 mine/explosive remnants of war (ERW) casualties in Angola.[1] The age or sex was not reported for the majority of the casualties identified, making it difficult to determine incidence rates and trends. The age was known for only 18 casualties; of the total at least six casualties were children (five boys and one girl) and at least two casualties were women.

One casualty was military personnel and all other casualties were reported as civilians. There were no demining casualties in 2011, a significant decline from the six deminer casualties reported in 2010.[2] The casualties identified in 2011 occurred in 14 of Angola’s 18 provinces, with the highest number (21) in Cuanza Sul.

The 89 mine/ERW casualties identified in 2011 represented a significant increase from the 42 casualties identified in 2010.[3] However, given the lack of a reliable casualty collection mechanism, it is not possible to determine trends over time. In evaluating its Strategic Mine Action Plan 2006 – 2011, the Inter-sectoral Commission on Demining and Humanitarian Assistance (CNIDAH) found that there had been a decline in the overall number of mine/ERW incidents recorded annually during the five-year period, but that the decline was not linear nor did it reach the plan’s goal of reducing the number of incidents to “almost zero”.[4] Based on CNIDAH data, at the start of the Mine Action Plan, there were some 50-80 incidents on average per year. By 2010-2011, the average number of accidents had been reduced to 20-40 per year. The evaluation found that landmine incidents had decreased while those caused by ERW increased slightly.[5] However, when looking at the total annual number of casualties recorded by CNIDAH between 2006 and 2011, it is impossible to discern a corresponding trend. CNIDAH recorded 48 mine/ERW casualties in 2006, 23 in 2007, 247 in 2008, 36 in 2009, one in 2010 and 78 in 2011.[6]

The total number of mine/ERW casualties in Angola is unknown, though estimates range from 23,000[7] to 80,000.[8] However, no details were available to substantiate these figures. By May 2012, 2,681 survivors had been registered in the provinces of Huila, Namibe, Cabinda and Cunene as part of the national mine/ERW victim survey; 14 provinces remained to be surveyed.[9] Between 2000 and 2011, the Monitor identified 2,823 mine/ERW casualties including 941 people killed, 1,737 injured, and 145 for which the outcome was unknown.[10] Between 2006 and 2011, CNIDAH registered 433 mine/ERW casualties including 77 people killed and 356 injured.[11]

No information was available on the number of cluster munition casualties. Angola expected to have more information on cluster munition survivors after the completion of the national victim survey. However, the survey questionnaire offers just three options as the cause of disability: “a mine,” “an accident,” or “unknown” and has no place to report on cluster submunitions as the cause. [12] As of June 2012, no data on cluster munition casualties in the four surveyed provinces had been reported by Angola.

Victim Assistance

The total number of survivors in Angola is unknown, but there are many thousands. As of June 2012, 2,681 survivors had been identified in the first four (of 18) provinces surveyed as part of the national victim survey.[13]

Victim assistance since 1999[14]

When victim assistance monitoring began in 1999, Angola was still in the midst of a series of armed conflicts that began in 1961 and did not officially end until 2002. In 1999, several international organizations, including the ICRC, Handicap International, and the Swedish Red Cross, among others, were providing basic victim assistance services such as emergency medical care and physical rehabilitation. Despite these humanitarian relief efforts, overall care was grossly inadequate throughout the country. This was the result of the destruction or deterioration of infrastructure such as health centers, hospitals and roads during armed conflict. In 1999, a lack of transport meant that mine/ERW victims were often delayed by as much as 36 hours before receiving life-saving care at the nearest medical post.

By 2002, it was estimated that fewer than 30% of Angolans had access to any health care services. Those limited services that were available were located in major cities and provincial capitals while mine/ERW survivors were predominately based in rural areas of the country. With the stabilization of the security situation, the government and international community began investing in rebuilding the country’s health care system and other basic infrastructure, such as roads, which increased access to basic medical facilities around the country, including in rural areas.

In 2005, international organizations began closing victim assistance programs and transferring management of health care facilities and rehabilitation centers, to the government. By 2008, all 11 physical rehabilitation centers were managed by the Ministry of Health. By 2009, production of prosthetics in all centers had declined due to a lack of materials and unpaid staff salaries. This decline continued through the end of 2011.

Some economic inclusion projects have been available to survivors over the period, either through international organizations, national and local organizations of persons with disabilities, or government agencies such as Ministry of Assistance and Social Reintegration (MINARS) and CNIDAH, which began coordinating and facilitating victim assistance in 2001. However, the available assistance throughout the period fell far short of the overall need.

International organizations supported the development of local survivor networks and disabled persons’ organizations (DPOs). However, these groups were hamstrung by lack of funding and the distances between them that prevented collaboration among the groups. Through the Comprehensive National Victim Assistance Action Plan 2007–2011, CNIDAH aimed to support the development of a national survivor network but no progress had been made toward this objective by the end of 2011, due to insufficient funding and organizational problems.

There were no significant improvements in the accessibility or quality of victim assistance services in Angola in 2011. The departure of Handicap International (HI) by the end of the year completed the withdrawal of international organizations that had been providing support for victim assistance. A continued lack of government funding for physical rehabilitation in 2011 caused a further decline in both the quality and accessibility of these services.[15] While there continued to be some improvement in the quality of roads in some provinces, a lack of affordable transportation and the poor quality of roads in many parts of the country remained the greatest obstacles to accessing services for survivors living outside the provincial capital. [16]

Assessing victim assistance needs

By the end of 2011, CNIDAH had completed the National Victim Survey and Needs Assessment in four of Angola’s 18 provinces, Cabinga, Cunene, Huila and Namibe, and begun the survey in a fifth, Zaire.[17] Launched in October 2010, the purpose of the survey is to identify and register mine and cluster munition survivors with disabilities, understand their living situation, and determine how to promote their socio-economic inclusion.[18]

Handicap International (HI) reported having received training to assist in the implementation of the survey.[19] However, local participation appeared to be severely lacking; of nine survivor and disabled persons organizations and NGO service providers interviewed by the Monitor in Huila province, just one was consulted in the collection of data in that province. Furthermore, not all the questionnaires completed by this organization were included in survey results.[20] The provincial Ministry of Assistance and Social Reintegration (MINARS) in Huila, with responsibility for maintaining a registry of all persons with disabilities in the province, was also not contacted during data collection.[21] Survey results were to be shared through a public report released in each province after its completion.[22]

Through the five-year review of the Strategic Mine Action plan, CNIDAH recognized that baseline data on survivors and their needs was needed to determine the impact of government programs to improve health and rehabilitation services on the lives of survivors. The ongoing survey and needs assessment was expected to improve efforts to plan victim assistance and measure impact.[23]

Victim assistance coordination[24]

Government coordinating body/focal point

CNIDAH

Coordinating mechanism

CNIDAH’s Sub-Commission for Assistance and Reintegration with participation from relevant government ministries including MINARS, the Ministry of Health, and NGOs

Plan

Comprehensive National Victim Assistance Action Plan 2007–2011(PNIAVM)

CNIDAH’s victim assistance coordination efforts in 2011 were focused on implementing the National Victim Survey, improving coordination at the provincial level, and contributing to the five-year evaluation of the implementation of the Strategic Mine Action Plan 2006-2011.[25] Two meetings of the Sub-Commission for Assistance and Reintegration were held at the national level; one to present preliminary results of the national victim survey and the other to review advances made in victim assistance within the framework of the Mine Action Plan.[26]

CNIDAH continued to work with provincial CNIDAH offices to improve victim assistance planning and implementation.[27] In 2011, workshops were held in Bengo, Humbo and Zaire with provincial CNIDAH representatives and other governmental and nongovernmental victim assistance stakeholders, with the aim of developing provincial victim assistance plans.[28] Similar workshops had been held in Moxico, Kuando Kubango, Cabinda, and Úige in 2010.[29]

The evaluation of the Strategic Mine Action Plan 2006-2011 found that there was a need to more clearly define the role of CNIDAH in victim assistance, develop a database of mine victims to facilitate planning and the inclusion of mine survivors, strengthen the role of CNIDAH in advocating for the rights of survivors with other ministries, such as MINARS and the Ministry of Health, and mobilize more funding to increase access to medical and rehabilitation services.[30] Progress towards the specific victim assistance objectives within the plan was limited, mainly due to the “economic crisis” in the country during the period. In some areas, such as access to medical services or economic inclusion, the evaluation found that progress could not be quantified due to a lack of data.[31]

In April 2012, the Sub-Commission for Assistance and Reintegration held a national forum to evaluate progress in implementing the Comprehensive National Victim Assistance Action Plan 2007–2011 and to develop recommendations for a victim assistance plan for 2012-2016. Participants at the forum concluded that progress towards the implementation of the previous plan was limited, most especially in improving access to medical care, in physical rehabilitation, and in economic inclusion, but that more progress had been made in the development of laws and policies to promote the rights of survivors.[32] As of April 2012, the development of a Comprehensive National Victim Assistance Action Plan for 2012-2016 had not been completed.[33]

In 2011, Angola did not provide updates on its victim assistance progress at international meetings of states parties to the Mine Ban Treaty. Angola provided limited information on victim assistance activities in Form J of its 2011 Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 report.[34]

Inclusion and participation in victim assistance

Survivors’ associations and DPOs participated in national and provincial coordination meetings convened by CNIDAH as part of the Sub-Commission for Assistance and Reintegration. Through the Sub-Commission, survivors’ associations contributed to the evaluation of the Strategic Mine Action Plan 2006 – 2011 and the Comprehensive National Victim Assistance Action Plan 2007-2011 and contributed recommendations for the next national victim assistance plan.[35]

Some survivors and/or representatives of survivors’ associations collected data for the national victim survey.[36] Survivors implemented socio-economic reintegration projects and were involved in advocacy for the rights of persons with disabilities through survivor associations and DPOs.[37]

Service accessibility and effectiveness

Victim assistance activities[38]

Name of organization

Type of organization

Type of activity

Changes in quality/coverage of service in 2011

MINARS

Government

Referrals for mobility devices, vocational training and assistance to start income-generating projects

Ongoing provision of services

Ministry of Health

Government

Free emergency medical care for mine/ERW survivors

Ongoing; increased availability and accessibility since 2006

National Rehabilitation Program (within Ministry of Health)

Government

Coordination and supply of materials to 11 national Physical Rehabilitation centers

Most rehabilitation centers reduced production of prosthetics; others ceased prosthetics production, only provided medicine and physiotherapy

Angola Red Cross (Cruz Vermelha de Angola, CVA)

National organization

Transportation and referrals to victim assistance services

Ongoing- no update

 

Angolan Association of Disabled Former Military (AMMIGA)

National NGO

Support for socio-economic reintegration; advocacy for disability rights

Association of Disabled Victims of Mines of War of Angola (AMVMGA)

National NGO

Primary education and vocational training

Lwini Foundation

National NGO

Support for mobility devices and referrals for Rehabilitation Center

Angolan Association of Disabled Persons (Associação dos Deficientes de Angola, ANDA)

National NGO

Physical rehabilitation, professional training for persons with disabilities, transportation to access services; advocacy- coordinating a network of NGOs doing advocacy for disability rights in Benguela province

Center for the Promotion and Development of Communities (CAPDC)

National NGO

Transportation to access victim assistance services

Increased collaboration with MINARS to assist more survivors to access rehabilitation services

Podemos

National NGO

Capacity-building in community-based rehabilitation

Formed to take over HI program after its closure

HI

International NGO

Capacity-building in community-based rehabilitation (CBR)

Closed program; transferred CBR activities to local partners

In recent years, the government increased its expenditure on the national health care system, increasing the number of health centers in rural areas, improving accessibility to health services, and increasing the availability of medicines. While it was likely that this would have improved basic health care services for mine/ERW survivors, along with the rest of the population, there was no information available on the impact of these changes in 2011.[39]

In 2011, all 11 national physical rehabilitation centers faced “immense difficulties” in responding to the demand for their services.[40] In most centers, production of prosthetics decreased due to a lack of supplies. Others were unable to produce any prosthetics whatsoever and could only respond to the needs of mine/ERW survivors and other persons with disabilities by providing medication and physiotherapy.[41]

During a monitoring visit in June 2011, all four physical rehabilitation centers visited reported that they had insufficient materials to meet the demand for mobility devices and that services had declined compared with previous years.[42] Two centers also noted that the poor condition of their facilities and lack of vital equipment and services, such as electricity, restricted their ability to provide adequate rehabilitation services.[43] While the Benguela Rehabilitation Center reported an improvement in staff capacity following training through the Don Bosco School in El Salvador, the Luena Rehabilitation Center had to withdraw staff from the same training program before completion due to insufficient funding.[44] Among respondents to the national victim survey in Huila province, between 50% and 70% stated that they had mobility devices; however, the majority of those with relevant mobility devices responded that the devices were in poor condition. Just 20% of survivors requiring prosthetic arms or hearing devices had these items.[45]

No improvements were reported on the availability of psychological support services for survivors, which had been found to be essentially non-existent as of April 2011.[46] As in previous years, some survivor and disabled persons’ organizations provided peer support services.[47] The ongoing national victim survey did not include any questions regarding access to or need for psychological support.[48]

In 2011, CNIDAH continued to provide vocational training and support for income-generating activities for a small number of mine survivors, directly or in coordination with MINARS. However, the number of beneficiaries was minimal compared with the number of survivors in need of this assistance throughout the country.[49] Numerous national NGOs, including DPOs, provided training and support for the development of small businesses, though their budgets were limited.[50] Fewer than 15% of victim survey respondents in Huila province had formal employment.[51]

During 2011, HI transferred its community-based rehabilitation (CBR) activities to local partners before closing its program in December. Former staff of HI formed a national organization, Podemos, that continued to train local authorities on CBR and to meet with beneficiaries. However, as of May 2012, the staff was only working part time and partly on a voluntary basis due to a lack of funding.[52]

While the law prohibited discrimination against persons with disabilities, it was not enforced and discrimination remained prevalent.[53] Despite legislation entitling persons with disabilities to a pension, just 1% of respondents to the national victim survey had received any financial support.[54] There was no legislation mandating accessibility for persons with disabilities to public or private facilities.[55] In 2011, the Protection Law for Persons with Disabilities, drafted in 2000, was approved by the finance subcommittee and by the end of the year, was still pending approval by the National Assembly.[56]

As of June 2012, Angola had not signed the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

 



[1] The Inter-sectoral Commission on Demining and Humanitarian Assistance (Comissão Nacional Intersectorial de Desminagem e Assistência Humanitária, CNIDAH) registered 78 casualties. Some of these as well as 11 other casualties were identified by mine clearance operators. Executive Demining Commission, “Relatório Anual – 2011,” (“Annual Report – 2011”), Luanda, 14 January 2012, p. 40; and emails from JP Botha, Technical Operations Manager, Mines Advisory Group Angola (MAG), 28 February 2012; Fatmire Uka, Operations Manager, Danish Church Aid (DCA), 27 February 2012; and Gerherd Zach, Programme Manager, The HALO Trust, 5 April 2012.

[2] Emails from Helen Tirebuck, HALO, 15 March 2011; and Uka, DCA, 7 March 2011. IMSMA casualty data provided during interview with Pedro Ribiero Toko, UNDP, Luanda, 16 June 2011.

[3] 2010 casualty data compiled from emails from Tirebuck, HALO, 15 March 2011; and Uka, DCA, 7 March 2011. IMSMA casualty data provided during interview with Toko, UNDP, Luanda, 16 June 2011.

[4] CNIDAH, “Relatório de Avaliação do Plano Estratégico de Acção contra Minas 2006 – 2011,” (“Report of the Evaluation of the Strategic Mine Action Plan 2006 – 2011”), undated but 2012, Luanda, p. 10.

[5] Ibid., pp. 10, 12.

[6] Ibid., p. 44.

[7] This estimate was reported in the media. See, “Angola to stage ‘Miss Landmine Survivor’ pageant,” Agence France-Presse (Luanda), 26 March 2008, www.kbc.co.ke.

[8] Angola has stated this figure on several occasions. For example, see Statement of Angola, Seventh Meeting of States Parties, Geneva, 20 September 2006. It has also been reported on numerous occasions by the United States Department of State, most recently at: US Department of State, “2011 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Angola,” Washington, DC, 24 May 2012.

[9] CNIDAH, “Relatório Anual de Actividades de 2011,” (“Annual Activity Report 2011”), Luanda, March 2012, p. 13.

[10] See previous Monitor reports on Angola, www.the-monitor.org.

[11] CNIDAH, “Relatório de Avaliação do Plano Estratégico de Acção contra Minas 2006 – 2011,” (“Report of the Evaluation of the Strategic Mine Action Plan 2006 – 2011”), Luanda, undated but 2012, p. 44.

[12] Statement of Angola, Convention on Cluster Munitions Intersessional Meeting, Session on Victim Assistance, Geneva, 28 June 2011. Questionnaire for national victim survey provided by Maria Madalena Neto, Victim Assistance Coordinator, CNIDAH, Luanda, 16 June 2011.

[13] CNIDAH, “Relatório Anual de Actividades de 2011,” (“Annual Activity Report 2011”), Luanda, March 2012, p. 13.

[14] See previous Angola country profiles in the Monitor, www.the-monitor.org; and CNIDAH, “Relatório de Avaliação do Plano Estratégico de Acção contra Minas 2006 – 2011,” (“Report of the Evaluation of the Strategic Mine Action Plan 2006 – 2011”), Luanda, undated but 2012.

[15] The closure or reduced capacity of numerous rehabilitation centers was observed during a Monitor research mission in June 2011 and also confirmed by CNIDAH, “Relatório Anual de Actividades de 2011,” (“Annual Activity Report 2011”), Luanda, March 2012, p. 14.

[16] CNIDAH, “Relatório de Avaliação do Plano Estratégico de Acção contra Minas 2006 – 2011,” (“Report of the Evaluation of the Strategic Mine Action Plan 2006 – 2011”), Luanda, undated but 2012, p. 20.

[17] CNIDAH, “Relatório Anual de Actividades de 2011,” (“Annual Activity Report 2011”), Luanda, March 2012, p. 13.

[18] Statement of Angola, Convention on Cluster Munitions Intersessional Meeting, Session on Victim Assistance, Geneva, 28 June 2011.

[19] Response to Monitor questionnaire by Celestino Sorte Feliciano, Coordinator, Community-Based Rehabilitation Project in Benguela, Huambo, Huila e Namibe, HI Angola, 18 April 2011.

[20] The one organization consulted was “Elavoko” or “Hope,” a Reference Center for Persons with Disabilities and War Wounded. Interviews with several local survivor associations and disabled persons organizations during Monitor research mission in Lubango, Huila, 22 June 2011.

[21] Interview with Fabiano Tubias Hilaka, Chief of Department of Assistance and Social Reintegration and Acting Provincial Director, MINARS, Lubango, Huila, 22 June 2011.

[22] Interview with Neto, CNIDAH, Luanda, 16 June 2011.

[23] CNIDAH, “Relatório de Avaliação do Plano Estratégico de Acção contra Minas 2006 – 2011,” (“Report of the Evaluation of the Strategic Mine Action Plan 2006 – 2011”), Luanda, undated but 2012, pp. 14-15.

[24] CNIDAH, “Relatório Anual de Actividades de 2011,” (“Annual Activity Report 2011”), Luanda, March 2012, pp 11-12.

[25] Ibid.

[26] Ibid.

[27] Interview with Nsimba Paxe, Victim Assistance Specialist, CNIDAH, Luanda, 16 June 2011.

[28] CNIDAH, “Relatório Anual de Actividades de 2011,” (“Annual Activity Report 2011”), Luanda, March 2012, pp 11-12.

[29] Interview with Neto, CNIDAH, Luanda, 16 June 2011; and CNIDAH, “Relatório De Balanço Das Actividades Realizadas Pela Subcomissão De Apoio E Reinserção Social Durante O Segundo Semestre De 2010” (“Report of Activities Realized by the Sub-Commission for Assistance and Reintegration for the Second Semester of 2010”), Luanda, December 2010, p. 3.

[30] CNIDAH, “Relatório de Avaliação do Plano Estratégico de Acção contra Minas 2006 – 2011,” (“Report of the Evaluation of the Strategic Mine Action Plan 2006 – 2011”), Luanda, undated but 2012, p. 41.

[31] Ibid., p. 19.

[32] CNIDAH, “DRAFT RELATÓRIO DO WORKSHOP DE AVALIAÇÃO DO PNIAVM 2007 – 2011, (“Draft Report of the Workshop to Evaulate the PNIAVM 2007 -2011”), Luanda, 13 April 2012.

[33] Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report, Form J (for calendar year 2011), 20 March 2012.

[34] Ibid.

[35] CNIDAH, “Relatório de Avaliação do Plano Estratégico de Acção contra Minas 2006 – 2011,” (“Report of the Evaluation of the Strategic Mine Action Plan 2006 – 2011”), Luanda, undated but 2012; and CNIDAH, “DRAFT RELATÓRIO DO WORKSHOP DE AVALIAÇÃO DO PNIAVM 2007 – 2011, (“Draft Report of the Workshop to Evaulate the PNIAVM 2007 -2011”), Luanda, 13 April 2012.

[36] Interviews with several local survivor associations and disabled persons organizations during Monitor research mission in Lubango, Huila, 22 June 2011

[37] Domingos Chicamba, APADEV, Benguela, 7 July 2011.

[38] There are numerous national and provincial associations of survivors and persons with disabilities in Angola. Information has been included only from those indicating a significant change in activity and/or who have consistently been involved in victim assistance. CNIDAH, “Relatório de Avaliação do Plano Estratégico de Acção contra Minas 2006 – 2011,” (“Report of the Evaluation of the Strategic Mine Action Plan 2006 – 2011”), Luanda, undated but 2012; CNIDAH, “DRAFT RELATÓRIO DO WORKSHOP DE AVALIAÇÃO DO PNIAVM 2007 – 2011, (“Draft Report of the Workshop to Evaulate the PNIAVM 2007 – 2011”), Luanda, 13 April 2012; CNIDAH, “Relatório Anual de Actividades de 2011,” (“Annual Activity Report 2011”), Luanda, March 2012; email from Celestino Sorte Feliciano, former Coordinator, Community-Based Rehabilitation Project in Benguela, Huambo, Huila e Namibe, HI Angola, 14 May 2012; and HI, “Handicap International in Angola,” undated, www.handicapinternational.be/en/angola, accessed 9 July 2012.

[39] CNIDAH, “Relatório de Avaliação do Plano Estratégico de Acção contra Minas 2006 – 2011,” (“Report of the Evaluation of the Strategic Mine Action Plan 2006 – 2011”), Luanda, undated but 2012, pp. 14-15.

[40] Ibid., p. 14.

[41] Ibid.

[42] Interviews with Carlos Mendonca, Lubango Rehabilitation Center, Lubango, Huila, 22 June 2011; Isabel Massela, CNIDAH, Menongue, Kuando Kubango, 24 June 2011; and Fernando Zola, Luena Rehabilitation Center, Moxico, 4 July 2011.

[43] Interviews with Mendonca, Lubango Rehabilitation Center, Lubango, Huila, 22 June 2011; and Massela, CNIDAH, Menongue, Kuando Kubango, 24 June 2011.

[44] Telephone interview with Zola, Luena Rehabilitation Center, Moxico, 4 July 2011.

[45] CNIDAH, “Relatorio Preliminar Da Provincia Da Huila: Projecto De Recolha De Dados Sobre Pessoas com Deficiência Vítimas de Minas,” (“Preliminary Report of Huila Province: Data Collection Project about Persons with Disabilities Victims of Mines”), Luanda, June 2011, p. 29.

[46] Response to Monitor questionnaire by Feliciano, HI, 18 April 2011.

[47] Responses to Monitor questionnaire by Firmino Mahina, AMMIGA, 16 June 2011; Augusto Bartolomeu Bela Amaro, ADAH, 19 June 2011; and Alfredo Paiva Freitas, AMVMGA, 19 June 2011

[48] Questionnaire for national victim survey provided by Neto, CNIDAH, Luanda, 16 June 2011.

[49] CNIDAH, “Relatório Anual de Actividades de 2011,” (“Annual Activity Report 2011”), Luanda, March 2012, p. 15.

[50] Responses to Monitor questionnaire by Feliciano, HI, 18 April 2011; Mahina, AMMIGA, 16 June 2011; Amaro, ADAH, 19 June 2011; and Freitas, AMVMGA, 19 June 2011.

[51] CNIDAH, “Relatorio Preliminar Da Provincia Da Huila: Projecto De Recolha De Dados Sobre Pessoas com Deficiência Vítimas de Minas,” (“Preliminary Report of Huila Province: Data Collection Project about Persons with Disabilities Victims of Mines”), Luanda, June 2011, p. 36.

[52] Email from Feliciano, Director, Podemos, 14 May 2012

[53] Response to Monitor questionnaire by Feliciano, HI, 18 April 2011; and US Department of State, “2011 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Angola,” Washington, DC, 24 May 2012.

[54] CNIDAH, “Relatorio Preliminar Da Provincia Da Huila: Projecto De Recolha De Dados Sobre Pessoas com Deficiência Vítimas de Minas,” (“Preliminary Report of Huila Province: Data Collection Project about Persons with Disabilities Victims of Mines”), Luanda, June 2011, p. 15; and CNIDAH, “Relatorio Preliminar Da Provincia Da Namibe: Projecto De Recolha De Dados Sobre Pessoas com Deficiência Vítimas de Minas,” (“Preliminary Report of Namibe Province: Data Collection Project about Persons with Disabilities Victims of Mines”), Luanda, February 2011, p. 14.

[55] US Department of State, “2011 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Angola,” Washington, DC, 24 May 2012.

[56] CNIDAH, “Relatório Anual de Actividades de 2011,” (“Annual Activity Report 2011”), Luanda, March 2012, p. 14.