Key developments since May 2004: Jordan published its National Mine
Action Plan for 2005–2009. The plan aims to make Jordan free of all
antipersonnel mines by 2009. In 2004 and to 1 May 2005, army engineer demining
teams cleared 1,266,000 square meters, destroying 806 antipersonnel mines and 35
antivehicle mines in 14 minefields. A modified landmine impact survey was due
to start in late 2005. The Jordanian Red Crescent Society carried out more than
100 mine risk education events, reaching nearly 12,000 people. Jordan received
some US$2.2 million from international donors for mine action in 2004. The
number of reported mine/UXO casualties increased substantially in 2004. The
NCDR victim assistance subcommittee was created in 2004 to collect data on mine
casualties in Jordan.
Mine Ban Policy
The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan signed the Mine Ban Treaty on 11 August
1998, ratified it on 13 November 1998, and the treaty entered into force on 1
May 1999. Jordan’s Law of Explosive Materials of 1953 serves as the legal
mechanism to enforce the treaty.
Jordan submitted its eighth Article 7 report on 2 May 2005, covering the
period 30 April 2004 to 30 April
2005.[1 ]
Prince Mired Raad Zeid Al-Hussein, Chair of the Board of National Committee
for Demining and Rehabilitation, led the country’s delegation to the First
Review Conference held in Nairobi in November-December 2004. At the Review
Conference, Jordan became co-rapporteur of the Standing Committee on Mine
Clearance, Mine Risk Education and Mine Action Technologies.
In June 2005, Jordan attended the intersessional Standing Committee meetings
in Geneva, where it made a statement on its mine clearance program. Jordan has
rarely engaged in the extensive discussions that States Parties have had on
matters of interpretation and implementation related to Articles 1, 2 and 3, and
the issues of joint military operations with non-States Parties, foreign
stockpiling and transit of antipersonnel mines, antivehicle mines with sensitive
fuzes or antihandling devices, and the permissible number of mines retained for
training.
On 3 November 2004, Jordan attended the inaugural meeting in New York of the
Forum of Mine-Affected Countries (FOMAC), a group of high level representatives
from mine-affected countries. FOMAC was formed to encourage cooperation
between mine-affected
countries.[2]
Jordan is party to the Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) and its
Amended Protocol II. It attended the Sixth Annual Conference of States Parties
to Amended Protocol II in November 2004 and submitted an Article 13 annual
report.
Production, Transfer, Stockpiling and Destruction
Jordan never produced or exported antipersonnel mines and last used them in
1978. On 23 April 2003, Jordan completed the destruction of its stockpile of
92,342 antipersonnel mines.
Jordan decided to retain 1,000 antipersonnel
mines for training and research purposes. It has not consumed any mines since
August 1999. Jordan has not yet reported in any detail on the intended purposes
and actual uses of its retained mines―a step agreed to by States Parties
in the Nairobi Action Plan that emerged from the First Review Conference. At a
Standing Committee meeting in June 2004, Jordan’s representative stated
that live antipersonnel mines were not necessary for training
purposes.[3 ]
Landmine and UXO Problem
The mine and unexploded ordnance (UXO) problem in Jordan derives from the
1948 partition of Palestine, the 1967–1969 Arab-Israeli conflict, and the
confrontation with Syria in 1975. Before mine clearance began in 1993, there
were approximately 60 million square meters of suspected hazardous areas,
subdivided by the Jordanian Royal Corps of Engineers into 497 minefields. The
minefields are limited to three major areas, the Northern Highlands, Jordan
Valley and Wadi Araba in the south. Basic maps were kept for all minefields.
There is also UXO in a small number of areas centered in the Ajloun and Irbid
governorates.[4 ]According to
military estimates, some 305,000 antipersonnel and antivehicle mines were laid
on Jordanian territory (73,000 Israeli and 232,000 Jordanian
mines).[5 ]
Jordan’s mine action plan of June 2005 claimed that 35 million square
meters of land across 314 minefields remained contaminated with 203,094 mines,
of which 156,371 were antipersonnel
mines.[6 ]However, the Article 7
report of 2 May 2005 gave a total of 175,013 antipersonnel mines remaining in
these areas, not including an unknown number in mine-suspected areas in the
south.[7]
Mines in Jordan directly affect over 500,000 people, representing eight
percent of the population, the majority of whom are said to be women and
children. The UN Development Programme (UNDP) reported that the mine
contamination blocks access to valuable agricultural land, delays irrigation and
hydroelectric projects, restricts housing construction, and isolates historic
and cultural heritage sites.[8 ]Access to natural resources is important in Jordan, as it suffers acute
water scarcity and population growth is
substantial.[9 ]The UNDP human
poverty index, which measures development indicators, identified several pockets
of poverty located in some of the most heavily mine-affected
communities.[10 ]
Mine Action Program
Jordan’s mine action authority is the National Committee for Demining
and Rehabilitation (NCDR), which was mandated by royal decrees in March 2000 and
April 2002. NCDR became fully operational in May 2004 with the arrival of a UN
technical advisor, following agreement with UNDP on capacity-building. Prince
Mired Raad Zeid Al-Hussein has chaired the NCDR since 2004. In 2005, a royal
decree approved the NCDR Board of Directors, composed of representatives of the
Armed Forces, government, NGOs, medical and educational institutions, the
private sector, landmine survivors and the
media.[11 ]
Mine clearance in Jordan is the responsibility of the Jordanian Royal Corps
of Engineers. As of June 2005, there were 260 deminers in 20
teams.[12]
NCDR is responsible for producing and managing national mine action plans
and ensuring that these are anchored in the country’s development goals.
It ensures that all aspects of mine action are integrated, including clearance,
mine risk education and victim assistance, and takes a leading role in
coordinating resource mobilization. Mine action in Jordan is not regulated by
law, but NCDR has stressed the need to develop national mine action
legislation.[13 ]
On 15 June 2005, Jordan published its first five-year mine action plan, the
National Mine Action Plan (NMAP) for 2005–2009. The NMAP’s primary
objective is to “systematically address and reduce the risk of injury or
death caused by landmines and to contribute to the Government of Jordan’s
overall poverty alleviation efforts....” It aims to “coherently and
comprehensively eliminate the impact of landmines from the lives of all
Jordanians and safeguard their future livelihoods.” The NMAP has six
goals covering mine clearance, information creation and management, survivor and
victim assistance, mine risk education, advocacy and universalization, and the
National Commission’s
capacity-development.[14 ]
The NMAP’s overall purpose is to set technical and institutional
responses to landmines within the context of the national poverty reduction
goal. Jordan views mine clearance as one of the primary drivers for promoting
development and contributing to its Social Economic Transformation Programme and
the Millennium Development Goals. Both initiatives represent measurable and
time-bound commitments to improve the living standards of Jordan’s poorest
population.[15]
One of the NMAP objectives is to clear Israeli mines in the Aqaba-Wadi Araba
region on the southern Israeli border before the end of 2008. In this region,
further development of hydroelectric power and tourism is planned; the Red
Sea-Dead Sea pipeline project is expected to have major development potential.
Clearance of mine-affected areas of this region is expected to remove 73,000
mines and return 12 million square meters of land to productive
use.[16]
NCDR aims at “developing further national capacity to clear the
remaining minefields of Jordan more safely and expeditiously.” There is
concern that Army mine clearance resources are insufficient to meet the
NMAP’s goals and Jordan’s treaty deadline of 1 May 2009 for
clearance of mine-affected land. NCDR states that the relatively low rate of
clearance (about two square kilometers per year) and lack of non-military
demining capacity could be addressed by creating a civilian demining entity of
350 deminers capable of clearing 5.5 square kilometers of land annually. This
would increase clearance rates to approximately eight square kilometers per
year, ensuring clearance of the remaining 35 square kilometers of mine-affected
land by May 2009. There exists no accreditation system for mine clearance
operations, but the NCDR planned to develop a system for accreditation to allow
new organizations to operate in
Jordan.[17]
The government and the Jordanian Armed Forces have both indicated their
willingness to provide the start-up capital and support for such an initiative.
UNDP would act in a technical advisory capacity. Given the large number of
ex-deminers available to work in Jordan, recruitment and refresher training are
not seen as major obstacles.[18]
NCDR intends to enhance mine action planning by improving analysis and
management of mine action information. The national plan is formulated to
ensure that: mine action is mainstreamed into development, a logical clearance
list is developed, annual integrated workplans are produced, and tasking is
based on national priorities. To support these aims, UNDP launched a capacity
development project in mid-2004.[19 ]Since June 2004, both NCDR and the Jordanian Royal Corps of Engineers use
the Information Management System for Mine Action (IMSMA), sharing data between
the two databases.[20]
National mine action standards are based on the 1997 UN standards, but NCDR
plans to develop them to accord with International Mine Action Standards (IMAS).
To ensure that clearance operations are carried out in a safe and efficient
manner, NCDR plans to “develop, train, and deploy a national capacity with
the philosophy and skills to apply the principles of a Total Quality Management
(TQM) approach to mine action in
Jordan.”[21 ]
Survey and Assessment
Mine action in Jordan has been based on a study of mine/UXO contamination
conducted before 1998 by the Armed Forces, involving local authorities,
community leaders and bodies responsible for natural resources. Priority for
survey, fencing, marking and clearance activities has been given to densely
populated areas, national development project sites, tourist, religious or
historical sites, infrastructure, small economic development areas, the northern
border and restored Jordanian
territories.[22]
The NMAP includes a modified landmine impact survey, due to start in the
last quarter of 2005. This will “...ascertain the socio-economic impact
on the local communities and develop a logical mine clearance prioritization
process based on poverty reduction criteria.” Given the nature of the
mine threat in Jordan, it is thought that a full-scale landmine impact survey
will not be required. It is expected “to feed the NCDR’s IMSMA
database with basic information needed to develop and manage the five-year
plan.” The impact survey is expected to take 12 months to complete, at a
cost of US$250,000.[23]
Jordan and Israel continue to negotiate on producing complete maps and
minefield information. Minefield records from the Israeli Defense Forces are
needed so that mine clearance can begin on the remaining 133 Israeli minefields
on Jordanian territory. Preparatory to clearance, a technical survey of three
blocks of four square kilometers each will be implemented in the Aqaba-Wadi
Araba area when Israeli records have been
obtained.[24 ]
In its Article 7 report of 2 May 2005, Jordan claims that all minefields are
known, marked, registered and have the same type of fence. It reports that
engineer units periodically maintain minefield marking and fencing, and that all
minefields are protected by the Armed Forces against any unauthorized
actions.[25 ]The NMAP notes that
most of the remaining minefields are marked and fenced, and that records and
sketches are retained.[26 ]
Mine/UXO Clearance
Under Article 5 of the Mine Ban Treaty, Jordan must destroy all
antipersonnel mines in mined areas under its jurisdiction or control as soon as
possible, but not later than 1 May 2009.
In 2004, the Engineer Corps cleared 653 antipersonnel mines and 33
antivehicle mines from nine minefields, totaling 900,000 square
meters.[27 ]In 2005, from 1 January
to 1 May, 153 antipersonnel mines and two antivehicle mines were cleared from
five minefields, totaling 366,000 square meters. Of the 20 Engineer Corps
teams, 16 operated in the Jordan Valley and four in the Aqaba-Wadi Araba region.
They used both manual and mechanical demining methods. As of June 2005, they
had six mechanical flails, of which three were in the Jordan Valley and one in
the Aqaba-Wadi Araba area, with two flails undergoing
repairs.[28]
In 2004, two deminers suffered minor injuries in two separate mine
incidents.[29]
Mine Risk Education
Mine risk education (MRE) is coordinated through NCDR, which acknowledges
that MRE “... to date has been carried out in an ad hoc
manner.”[30 ]Organizations involved in the delivery of MRE during 2004 included the
Royal Corps of Engineers, Civil Defense, UN Relief and Works Agency for
Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), Ministry of Education and Jordanian
Red Crescent, assisted by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).
In 2004, an agreement was reached between NCDR and Ministry of Education to
include MRE activities in schools in mine-affected areas. In July 2005,
negotiations were started with Canada on funding a pilot program in five
schools, followed by a wider initiative. Activities will include presentations,
lectures and demonstrations.[31]
In 2004, the Jordanian Red Crescent started a multi-governorate MRE program.
In its first year, it undertook over 100 educational events, reaching close to
12,000 people. It intends to continue the program until 2007, in collaboration
with the Ministry of Education, ICRC and Royal Corps of
Engineers.[32 ]There are MRE
committees in eight governorates, consisting of five male teachers, five female
teachers and 50 students each. Methods of delivery include lectures,
demonstrations, brochures and workshops.
MRE has been underway in Jordan since 1991, provided by the Armed Forces.
Selected districts in nine of Jordan’s 12 governorates have been exposed
to MRE.[33 ]It is estimated that
30,000 people per year were given some basic form of MRE from 1996 to 2001. The
Armed Forces discontinued its program in 2002, subsequently delivering MRE on a
request basis only, using lecture-based presentations and inert mines, posters,
slides and videotapes.[34]
One objective of the NMAP is to “launch a nationally coordinated and
sustained Mine Risk Education and Marking Program,” since a sustained,
coordinated and IMAS-compliant, nationally-targeted MRE program is considered
necessary. The Minister of Education supports this aim, and indicated that the
ministry may be the main vehicle for MRE. IMAS for MRE have not been used in
Jordan, but the need for IMAS-compliant MRE is recognized in the
NMAP.[35]
A national needs assessment is planned, which will allow MRE messages to be
tailored to the gender, geography, education and socioeconomic status of target
audiences. Partners in the assessment will include the government, Jordanian
Red Crescent, ICRC, UNICEF, UNDP and Geneva International Centre for
Humanitarian Demining. It is scheduled to be conducted over a period of six
months at a cost of $70,000.[36 ]A
three-month training of trainers will then be followed by a 36-month program of
MRE implementation. Mass media, graphic arts, print, television and radio will
be used. The school curriculum, university lectures and textbooks will also be
used. In some areas, delivery will be through drama, sports festivals and
T-shirts. Although the focus will be primarily on the 150,000 or so people
living close to a suspected hazardous area, some mass media campaigns will reach
a much wider audience of several million people.
Jordan reported on its MRE commitments in the Article 7 report of 2 May
2005.[37]
Funding and Assistance
In 2004, funding for mine action in Jordan totaled approximately US$2.5
million, including government funding of
$280,000.[38 ]International donors
provided some $2.2 million, including:
Canada: US$113,949 through UNDP for victim assistance, advocacy and
MRE;[39]
Norway: NOK5,632,967 ($835,764) for mechanical
demining;[40]
US: $950,000 through the State Department for equipment for the Royal Corps
of Engineers.[43]
For 2005, total funding sought for mine action was
$872,150.[44 ]The government
budgeted to provide $280,000.[45 ]
The NMAP budget for 2005–2009 was estimated as $47.79 million
(allocated as 92.4 percent for mine clearance, 0.5 percent for information
collection and management, 2.8 percent for victim assistance, 1.2 percent for
MRE, 0.4 percent for advocacy and universalization, and 2.7 percent for
capacity-building). The government’s contribution is expected to reach
$14.58 million, leaving a shortfall of $33.21 million to be met by international
donors.[46]
From 1993 to June 2005, financial support for mine action has totaled $62.25
million. Of this, Jordan contributed $50 million and the international donor
community some $12.25 million. Most of the government’s funding has been
allocated for clearance, with MRE, victim assistance, stockpile destruction and
capacity development receiving less than 10 percent of this
amount.[47]
Landmine Casualties
In 2004, there were at least 27 new landmine/UXO casualties in Jordan
reported by NCDR and Landmine Survivors Network (LSN); 10 people were killed and
17 injured.[48 ]This represents a
significant increase from the six new mine casualties (two killed and four
injured) reported in 2003.[49 ]
The NCDR victim assistance subcommittee recorded six people killed and
another six injured. In January and April, two deminers were injured by M14
antipersonnel mines during mine clearance operations in the Jordan Valley. In
April, three boys aged between 12 and 13 years were killed in a UXO incident in
Ajloun province. In July, a 30-year-old woman and her six-year-old son were
injured by UXO brought into their house. In August, two men were injured and
one was killed by an antivehicle mine near the northern border with Syria, while
smuggling. In September, two boys aged 10 and 11 years were killed by UXO in
Karak province, while playing in an abandoned
house.[50]
Other mine/UXO incidents reported by LSN in 2004 include an incident in
January where four brothers were injured in the Mafraq area. Also in January,
one man was injured while working in the Jordan Valley. On 8 March, a mine
explosion killed a woman and badly injured her two children. In a separate
incident on 8 March, two people were seriously injured while trying to clear
mines. Also in March, a man was injured in a mine explosion in Aqaba. In May,
three children were killed in a UXO incident, and in July a man was injured in a
landmine incident in the Irbid
area.[51 ]
The NCDR victim assistance subcommittee was created in 2004 to collect data
on mine casualties in Jordan. The subcommittee consists of representatives of
the NCDR, Army, Civil Defense Directorate, Police Head Directorate, LSN,
Hashemite Charity Society for Soldiers of Special Needs and, since 2005, the
Ministry of Health and Ministry of Social Development; however, its work is
limited by a lack of funding and the need for more
surveys.[52 ]
Casualties continue to be reported by NCDR in 2005. The subcommittee
recorded two accidents during mine clearance operations, in which two deminers
were injured by M35 and M14 mines in February and March 2005 in the Jordan
Valley and the Aqaba area.[53]
According to the government, the total number of mine casualties recorded in
Jordan from 1967 to June 2004 was 529 (111 killed and 418 injured): 202 were
civilians, and 327 were military personnel and peacekeepers. The majority of
civilian casualties were carrying out their daily activities of herding or
cultivation. The government estimates the actual number is higher than
reported―probably closer to 700, but it could be as high as 800
casualties.[54 ]A US Department of
State publication in 2004 cited the Jordanian Armed Forces Medical Services as
reporting 636 mine casualties (92 killed and 544 injured), including 370
civilians, since 1967.[55 ]
Survivor Assistance
Landmine survivors are entitled to medical care and rehabilitation under the
standard healthcare system in Jordan. Approximately 90 percent of the
population live within a mile of a health facility and can use a range of
providers from the public, NGO and private sectors. All known survivors
reportedly receive prosthetics; however, there is limited local outreach for
physiotherapy and rehabilitation services for mine survivors. There are small
physiotherapy centers at several regional hospitals. Other hospitals report
irregular access to physiotherapists. While Jordan has relatively well trained
personnel and well equipped medical facilities, there are challenges in
providing the specialized care needed by mine survivors in the area of
prosthetics, orthopedics and physical
rehabilitation.[56]
The Royal Medical Services (RMS) includes 12 medical
centers.[57 ]More complex cases are
transferred to the national institutions in Amman for prosthetics and
rehabilitation. The main institutions are the public Al-Bashir Hospital and the
King Hussein Medical Center, under the RMS. Al-Bashir’s rehabilitation
unit and prosthetic center is the primary provider of such services to civilians
in the country.[58 ]
The King Hussein Medical Center (KHMC) assists military mine casualties. In
August 2004, construction commenced on the new National Rehabilitation Center
for Amputees at the KHMC. The estimated cost is $2 million. Construction was
completed in June 2005, with the installation of rehabilitation equipment and
facilities expected to be completed by December 2005. Facilities will include a
physical rehabilitation center, an outpatient ward and vocational training
workshops. The center will work closely with the Ministry of Health to provide
services for about 2,400 people per year, including both military and civilian
mine survivors. Norway supported the construction of the center, with Canada
and France supporting the purchase of orthopedic and prosthetic supplies,
training and services. Other donors include Germany, Japan, the UN, UK and
US.[59]
The Al-Hussein Society (AHS), affiliated with Jordan University, provides
comprehensive and diversified services for people with a physical disability,
including training for orthotic/prosthetic technicians, medical and physical
rehabilitation, and psychosocial support. In 2004, 6,846 physiotherapy sessions
and 1,378 occupational sessions were conducted, the prosthetic workshop
registered 48 new amputees, a number of wheelchairs were distributed and
repaired, and 107 families and children received psychological counseling on
disability issues. Most services are free or cost a nominal fee. Christian
Blind Mission supports this center and provides technical advice on the
production of devices and staff training.
AHS has a school for children with physical disabilities and vocational
training for all persons with disabilities. It also operates a mobile clinic in
its community-based rehabilitation/outreach program; the program provided
referral or medical services for 453 people. The main challenges facing the
center are the lack of coordination in the disability sector and
capacity-building for
staff.[60 ]
Landmine Survivors Network is active in five areas, Irbid, Ramtha, Zarqa,
Mafreq and Amman. LSN’s community-based outreach workers, who are
amputees, work with individual survivors to assess their needs, offer
psychological and social support, and educate their families about the effects
of limb loss. About half the beneficiaries of the program are mine survivors.
In 2004, 450 survivors were visited and 251 received services including access
to health insurance, mobility devices or a monthly salary from the National Aid
Fund. In addition, 506 survivors and their families received mobility and
medical devices and school equipment. LSN also supported 48 small businesses
and more than 60 survivors participated in social activities in 2004 and the
first quarter of 2005. LSN organized several awareness raising workshops for
survivors and other persons with disabilities to facilitate capacity-building,
develop advocacy and lobbying skills, and increase their knowledge about
vocational training opportunities.[61 ]
LSN also maintains a Rehabilitation Services Directory with information on
81 service providers in Jordan. In March 2005, LSN signed an agreement with the
Ministry of Social Development and the vocational training center, to facilitate
socioeconomic reintegration by ensuring that landmine survivors receive the same
employment and training opportunities as their non-disabled
peers.[62]
The Jordanian Red Crescent runs a hospital in Amman and operates an
ambulance service from the West Bank in cooperation with the International
Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). Both serve mainly Palestinians injured
during the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The Red Crescent also runs a
vocational training center, mainly for women, which offers training for up to
500 graduates annually, who receive a diploma certified by the Ministry of
Education.[63]
The Hashemite Charitable Society for Soldiers with Special Needs provides
physical rehabilitation, economic and psychosocial assistance to soldiers who
were injured, as well as to their
families.[64 ]In January 2004, His
Majesty King Abdullah laid the foundation stone of the Queen Rania Center for
Military Personnel with Special Needs in the Jandaweel area. The center, which
functions under the Hashemite Society, is expected to serve more than 1,275
people.[65]
Two Jordanian mine survivors participated in the Raising the Voices training
in Geneva in June 2004, and at the Survivors Summit at the First Review
Conference in November-December 2004.
In Afghanistan, there is a Jordanian-run hospital (RMS) near Mazar-e-Sharif
with the capacity to treat mine
casualties.[66 ]Jordan also
supports medical teams in Iraq, Sierra Leone, Palestine, East Timor and
Eritrea.[67 ]
The main objective of the national mine action plan (NMAP) relating to mine
survivor assistance is to “develop and deliver a coherent and coordinated
national SVA [Survivor and Victim Assistance] policy and programme which
integrates physical rehabilitation and social reintegration for all landmine
victims and survivors.” The plan aims to “strengthen local capacity
to provide hospital-based rehabilitation services to all survivors and victims
of landmines in Jordan” through the training of three trauma surgeons, 10
physiotherapists and 10 technicians, and through the production of training
manuals.
The NMAP will support the socioeconomic reintegration of survivors through
vocational training, education and job placement, in cooperation with the
ministries of labor, health, social development and education, and with
universities and civil society organizations. The survivor assistance component
of the plan’s budget is $1.325 million, but the government has reportedly
not allocated any funds to the program, which is scheduled to start in the last
quarter of 2005.[68]
The key government partner in the NMAP is the Ministry of Social
Development, which is responsible for the overall coordination and
implementation of activities relating to persons with disabilities. The
National Council for the Welfare of Disabled Persons, Hashemite Charitable
Society for Soldiers with Special Needs, Landmine Survivors Network, World
Health Organization and Royal Medical Services are all expected to play leading
roles in the implementation of the
NMAP.[69]
Disability Policy and Practice
The 1993 Welfare of Disabled Persons law outlines the rights of persons with
disabilities to healthcare, education, vocational training, rehabilitation,
employment, sports and participation in decision-making
processes.[70 ]
On 16-17 March 2005, a conference was convened in Amman entitled The Arab
Parliamentary Symposium on Legislating Issues in the Arab World. Members of
parliament and ministries dealing with the issue of disability in 12 Middle
Eastern countries, together with disability experts and EU and NGO
representatives, discussed implementation of the proposed Comprehensive and
Integral International Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights
and Dignity of Persons with Disabilities. Those present pledged to enact and
review legislation on disability and support coordination and cooperation
between governments and disability organizations to activate the Arab Decade for
Persons with Disabilities, and to “formulate and activate the work of
specialized committees on disabilities in National Parliaments in order to
implement the resolution of the Arab Parliamentary Union” issued in Beirut
in September 2004.[71]
[1 ]Previous reports were
submitted on: 5 May 2004; 1 May 2003; 17 March 2003; 7 November 2002; 1 May
2002; 30 June 2000; 9 August 1999.
[2]United Nations,
“Countries stand united in the battle against landmines,” 4 November
2004, www.un.int/ angola/press_release_landmines.
[3 ]Intervention by Jordan,
Standing Committee on General Status and Operation of the Convention, Geneva, 25
June 2004. Jordan also said States Parties should set a limit of 1,000 retained
mines.
[4 ]UNDP, “The Completion
Initiative Concept Paper and National Plans,” 15 June 2005.
[5 ]“Jordan Situation
Analysis: Problems, Progress, Plans, & Progress,” presentation by
Mohammed Briekat, Director, National Committee for Demining and Rehabilitation
(NCDR), Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Mine Risk Education and Mine
Action Technologies, Geneva, 13–14 June 2005; Article 7 Report, Form C, 2
May 2005.
[6 ]NCDR, “Jordan’s
National Mine Action Plan: Safeguarding Life & Promoting Development
2005-2009” (National Mine Action Plan 2005–2009), June 2005, p. 4;
email from Nasin Majali, Secretary of the Board, NCDR, 31 July 2005. The mine
action plan also lists 203,095 mines remaining, but subtotals for mines
remaining in Israeli minefields total 73,125 (not 70,888 as listed), producing
205,331 in all minefields remaining to be cleared.
[7]Article 7 Report, Form C, 2 May
2005. The report includes an appendix listing the number and types of mines
laid, cleared and remaining in every minefield.
[8 ]NCDR, National Mine Action Plan
2005-2009, June 2005, p. 1.
[9 ]Presentation by Mohammed
Briekat, Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Mine Risk Education and Mine
Action Technologies, Geneva, 13-14 June 2005.
[10 ]UNDP, “Jordan Human
Development Report 2004,” Amman.
[11 ]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 22.
[12]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 7.
[13 ]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 22.
[14 ]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, pp. 1-2.
[15]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 3.
[16]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 10.
[17]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, pp. 9, 11.
[18]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 11.
[19 ]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 22.
[20]Email from Brig. Gen. Falah
al-Maiteh, Jordanian Royal Corps of Engineers, 25 April 2005; email from Yasin
al-Majali, NCDR, 15 April 2005.
[21 ]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, pp. 8-9.
[22]Email from Brig. Gen. Falah
al-Maiteh, Royal Corps of Engineers, 31 May 2005.
[23]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 12.
[24 ]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 10.
[25 ]Article 7 Report, Form I, 2
May 2005.
[26 ]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 4.
[27 ]Interview with Yasin
al-Majali, NCDR, Geneva, 17 June 2005.
[28]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 7.
[29]Interview with Yasin
al-Majali, NCDR, Geneva, 17 June 2005.
[30 ]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 17.
[31]Email from Yasin al-Majali,
NCDR, 31 May 2005.
[32 ]Jordanian Red Crescent,
“Mine/UXO Risk Education Plan for 2005,” May 2005, p. 8.
[33 ]These were the governorates
of Irbid, Ajloun, Jarash, Aqaba, Madaba, Tafilah, Balqa, Mafraq and Karak.
NCDR, National Mine Action Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 5.
[34]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 5.
[35]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 17.
[36 ]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 17.
[37]Article 7 Report, Form I, 2
May 2005.
[38 ]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 23; email from Yasin Al Majali, NCDR, 31 May 2005.
The discrepancy between $280,000 and $270,000 has not been explained.
[39]Email exchanges with Elvan
Isikozlu, Mine Action Team, Foreign Affairs Canada, July 2005; UNDP, Mine Action
Funding Update by Donors, www.undp.org,
accessed 22 August 2005.
[40]Emails from May-Elin Stener,
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, July 2005. Average exchange rate for 2004: $1 =
NOK6.7399. US Federal Reserve, “List of Exchange Rates (Annual),” 3
January 2005.
[41]Email from Andrew Willson,
Conflict and Humanitarian Affairs Department, Department for International
Development, 1 July 2005; UNDP, Mine Action Funding Update by Donors, www.undp.org, accessed 22 August 2005.
[42]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 17.
[43]USG Historical Chart, email
from Angela L. Jeffries, Financial Management Specialist, US Department of
State, Bureau of Political-Military Affairs, 20 July 2005. An additional
$400,000 was donated in 2004 through the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. Email from H. Murphey McCloy, Senior Demining Advisor, Bureau of
Political-Military Affairs, Department of State, US, 27 September 2005.
[44 ]UN, “Portfolio of Mine
Action Projects 2005.”
[45 ]Email from Yasin Al Majali,
Board Secretary, NCDC, 31 May 2005.
[46]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 25.
[47]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 3. See also Landmine Monitor Report 2004,
pp. 521-522.
[48 ]Landmine Monitor analysis of
casualty data sent by NCDR and LSN; email to Landmine Monitor (HI) from Yasin
al-Majali, NCDR, 20 July 2005; response to Landmine Monitor Survivor Assistance
Questionnaire by Adnan al-Aboudi, Director, LSN, 28 April 2005.
[49 ]For details see Landmine
Monitor Report 2004, p. 524.
[50]Email to Landmine Monitor
(HI) from Yasin al-Majali, NCDR, 20 July 2005.
[51 ]Email from Adnan al-Aboudi,
LSN, 28 April 2005; response to Landmine Monitor Survivor Assistance
Questionnaire by Adnan al-Aboudi, LSN, 28 April 2005; see also Landmine
Monitor Report 2004, p. 524.
[52 ]Email to Landmine Monitor
(HI) from Yasin al-Majali, NCDR, 20 July 2005.
[53]Email to Landmine Monitor
(HI) from Yasin al-Majali, NCDR, 20 July 2005.
[54 ]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 4.
[55 ]US Department of State,
“To Walk the Earth in Safety,” Bureau of Political-Military Affairs,
5th Edition, Washington DC, August 2004, p. 54; see also ICRC Special Report,
“Mine Action 2004,” Geneva, June 2005, p. 39.
[56]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 14. For more details, see Landmine Monitor
Report 1999, p. 854; Landmine Monitor Report 2002, p. 321; www.engenderhealth.org/ia/cbc/jordan.html,
accessed 20 July 2005.
[57 ]Royal Medical Services,
“Analytical Study,” Amman (undated but for 2004), p. 5.
[58 ]For more information, see
Landmine Monitor Report 2002, p. 321.
[59]Mine Action Support Group,
Newsletter, March 2005, p. 13; Dalya Dajani, “New centre to provide
advanced care for landmine victims,” Jordan Times, 10 January 2005;
NCDR, National Mine Action Plan 2005-2009, June 2005, p. 15.
[60 ]Al-Hussein Society,
“Annual Report 2004,” Amman, 2005, pp. 1-23.
[61 ]Interview with Adnan
al-Aboudi, LSN, 20 April 2005; email from Adnan Al Aboudi, LSN, 28 April 2005.
For more details of LSN projects, see Landmine Monitor Report 2004, p.
525.
[62]“Job opportunities for
landmine survivors,” IRIN, Amman, 29 March 2005.
[63]Response to Landmine Monitor
Survivor Assistance Questionnaire by Yasin al-Majali, NCDR, Amman, 17 July
2005.
[64 ]Response to the Landmine
Monitor Victim Assistance Questionnaire by Yasin al-Majali, NCDR, 17 July
2005.
[65]“King tours Raimoun
Village and orders development plans,” Jordan Times, 29 January
2004.
[66 ]“Afghan Forces Raid
North District For Feuding Commanders,” Associated Press (Kabul),
27 October 2004.
[67 ]Royal Medical Services,
“Analytical Study,” Amman (undated for 2004), p. 4.
[68]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005–2009, June 2005, pp. 13-15; see also presentation by Jordan,
Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Mine Risk Education and Mine Action
Technologies, Geneva, 14 June 2005.
[69]NCDR, National Mine Action
Plan 2005–2009, June 2005, p. 13.
[70 ]See Landmine Monitor
Report 2000, p. 900.
[71]Amman Declaration on
Disability Legislation, Amman, Jordan, 16-17 March 2005.
About Us
Our Research Products