Key
developments since May 2000: Perú has served as co-chair of the Mine
Ban Treaty Standing Committee on Mine Clearance. Perú reduced the number
of antipersonnel mines it intends to retain for training to 5,578. From March
2000 through July 2001, Peru destroyed 117,506 stockpiled antipersonnel mines.
An interministerial Foreign Affairs and Defense Working Group was established in
2000 to coordinate mine action and develop a national plan. In May 2001,
Perú and the Organization of American States signed an agreement to
support integrated mine action in the country. New mine casualties were reported
in 2000 and 2001, both civilian and military.
Perú signed the Mine Ban Treaty on 3
December 1997, ratified on 17 June 1998 and the treaty entered into force on 1
March 1999. While Perú has reported thirteen different implementation
measures, there is no specific legislation in place to implement the Mine Ban
Treaty.[1] A number of
provisions in Perú’s Criminal Code apply to possession and trade in
weapons and include penal sanctions; these would apply to antipersonnel
mines.[2]
Perú
submitted its initial Article 7 transparency report on 2 May 2000, covering the
period up until March 2000. It also submitted its required annual updated
Article 7 report on 4 May 2001, covering the period from March 2000 to March
2001.
Perú participated in the Second Meeting of States Parties in
September 2000. Since then, it has served as co-chair, together with the
Netherlands, of the Standing Committee on Mine Clearance and Related
Technologies. In addition to being co-chair, Perú has played an
important role in developing and promoting the intersessional work program more
generally. It was an active participant throughout the Standing Committee
meetings in December 2000 and May 2001.
Perú attended a regional
seminar on stockpile destruction in Buenos Aires in November 2000. Also in
November, Perú voted in favor of UN General Assembly Resolution 55/33V,
calling for universalization and full implementation of the Mine Ban Treaty.
Perú has regularly called for Chile to ratify the Mine Ban
Treaty.[3]
A Mine Action
Working Group (el grupo de trabajo cancilleria – defensa sobre minas
antipersonas) was established in 2000, with membership from the Ministries of
Foreign Affairs and Defense.[4]
The Working Group, which is chaired by the Director of Multilateral Affairs and
Security in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Minister Heli Peláez Castro,
is responsible for coordination of mine action, and for developing a national
plan of action against antipersonnel
mines.[5] Perú is also
in the process of establishing a Mine Action Center at the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs in Lima, which will be inaugurated after legal measures are
completed.[6]
Perú
attended the Second Annual Conference of States Parties to Amended Protocol II
of the Convention on Conventional Weapons in Geneva in December 2000 as a State
Party and made a statement. It submitted its Article 13 annual report on 7
November 2000, covering the period October 1999 to October
2000.[7]
In December 2000,
the Lima-based United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and
Development in Latin America and the Caribbean (UNLiREC) was named Executive
Secretary to the Third Meeting of States Parties, a largely administrative
support role.[8] UNLiREC has
proposed a project to promote ratification in the region and a pilot project on
reintegration of disabled persons, both of which will be implemented once
funding is secured.[9] In March
2001, UNLiREC hosted a Regional Seminar on Preparations for the Third Meeting of
State Parties to the Mine Ban Treaty, which was attended by governments of the
region, the UN, Organization of American States (OAS), ICRC, Defensoría
del Pueblo [Office of the Ombudsman of Perú] and the Landmine Monitor
researcher for Perú who made a presentation on “the role of
non-governmental organizations in implementing the Ottawa
Convention.”[10] In May
2001 UNLiREC hosted a Regional Seminar on the International Mine Action
Standards (IMAS), with the cooperation of the Geneva International Center for
Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) and the
OAS.[11]
Production, Transfer and Use
The Centros de Fabricación de Armas of the
War Navy used to produce pressure-activated CICITEC and MGP-30 AP mines.
Perú reports that production by the War Navy ceased in 1997 and
production facilities at the SIMA and CEFAR Instalaciones de la Marina de Guerra
(War Navy facilities) in the Naval Base in El Callao were permanently closed in
1997.[12] Perú’s
most recent Article 7 report confirms that the National Police also produced
antipersonnel mines in the past, the DEXA, but stopped in
1994.[13]
Perú states
that it has never exported antipersonnel
mines.[14] It appears to have
imported mines from several countries, including Belgium, Spain, the United
States, and Yugoslavia. (See below).
No use of antipersonnel mines was
recorded in Perú in the reporting period. Perú maintains that it
did not use landmines during the Cenepa conflict with Ecuador in
1995.[15] According to
officials at the Ombudman’s Office, the “Commission of Truth,”
recently established to examine government conduct during Perú’s
internal conflict in the 1980s and early 1990s, might shed further light on
antipersonnel mine use by government forces during that
time.[16]
Stockpiling and Destruction
According to its most recent Article 7 report, as
of March 2001, Perú had a stockpile of 323, 283 antipersonnel
mines.[17] This included:
985 (VENCIDAS) 60510-MN mines - past expiry date (Unknown);
328 “multiuse magnetic” mines
(Unknown).
Perú’s stockpiled mines are all in the
possession of the Army, except for 24 MGP (CICITEC) A/R mines held by the
National Police; 3,644 MGP held by the War Navy; CICITEC mines without cap or
fuse, M-16s, and MGP-30s held by the War Navy; and 60510 MN mines held by the
Peruvian Air Force. A total of 7,660 M18A1 Claymore mines are held by the Army,
while another 311 are in possession of the War
Navy.[19]
In the period
between March 2000 and March 2001, Perú reported that it destroyed 11,784
antipersonnel mines.[20] This
includes 8,972 60510-MN mines destroyed by the Air Force and 2,812 A/R MGP
(CICITEC) mines destroyed by the National Police. According to its most recent
Article 7 report, the Peruvian Army has the technical capability, but not
necessarily the funds to complete destruction of its entire stockpile by
September 2001 and the Third Meeting of States Parties in Managua, in keeping
with the Managua Challenge issued in Buenos Aires in November
2000.[21]
Perú’s
stockpile destruction plan is detailed in its most recent Article 7
report.[22] In the period May
to August 2001, Perú plans to destroy its antipersonnel mine stockpiles
in seven locations, one each in the First to Sixth Military Regions as well as
in its COINDE facility in Lima. Destruction will be done by controlled
detonation. According to the destruction plan, a total of 317,733 antipersonnel
mines will be destroyed: 91,000 are to be destroyed in May 2001; 76,204 mines in
June; 76,090 in July, and 70,439 in August
2001.[23] Another 4,000 AP
mines, which are no longer to be kept for training, will also be destroyed
before September 2001.
On 30 May 2001, Perú destroyed 33,421
antipersonnel mines at an Army location in Coscomba in the northern department
of Piura.[24] The head of the
First Military Region, representatives of the Peruvian government, the OAS,
ICRC, UNLiREC, and diplomatic representatives from Australia, Canada, Ecuador,
Spain, Switzerland, and the USA attended the destruction ceremony. According to
media, the mines destroyed included the PMA-3 with fuse PUMA3, MGP 30 (CICITEC)
with anti-handling device and P-4-A/1s. The mines were destroyed in five open
detonations using a technique developed by Peruvian military experts using the
Australian ANFO-based method, which relies on the use of PASTEX, and explosive
made in Perú from ammonium nitrate and oil. The operation was financed
by the Managua Challenge Fund, at a cost of $1 per
mine.[25]
It appears that in
May 2001, 33,421 of the 91,000 antipersonnel mines scheduled for destruction
were destroyed.[26] No
destruction was reported in June. Press reports as Landmine Monitor was going
to print indicated that 72,301 antipersonnel mines were destroyed in late July
in Coscomba sector.[27] Thus,
from March 2000 through July 2001, Perú destroyed 117,506 antipersonnel
mines, and had 212,011 remaining to be destroyed.
In May 2000, Perú
reported that it planned to retain 9,526 antipersonnel mines for training. In
its May 2001 Article 7 report, the number has been decreased to 5,578
mines.[28] This includes 500
PMB-6 mines, 775 MGP (CICTEC) A/R mines, 525 M-409 mines, 550 PMA-3 mines, 550
PMB-6N mines, 500 POMZ-2M mines, 600 M18A1 Claymore mines, all in possession of
the Army; 108 M-16 mines, 150 MGP-30, and 311 M18A1 Claymore mines, held by the
War Navy; 985 60510-MN mines kept by the Air Force; and 24 MGP (CICITEC) A/R
mines held by of the National Police.
Landmine Problem
Perú’s landmine problem affects three
parts of the country.[29] One
is along the northern border with Ecuador, due to a long-standing border dispute
that led to the “Cenepa conflict” in 1995. The second area is
Perú’s southern border with Chile. The third area is internal
territory in the coast and highlands, where the Armed Forces and National Police
laid mines around public infrastructure and electrical installations during
Perú’s internal conflict of the 1980s and early
1990s.
Perú estimates that 120,000 antipersonnel mines are laid in its
territory along the border with Ecuador in the departments of Tumbes, Piura,
Cajamarca, Amazonas and
Loreto.[30] This includes the
Zarumilla Canal and its source, La Palma, in Tumbes the Santiago river basins in
the department of Amazonas and Cenepa river basin and Comainas sectors, and in
the departments of Piura and
Cajamarca.[31] The most
mine-affected area is in the Cordillera del Condór region, where
approximately 80,000 nomadic indigenous peoples
live.[32]
In the south of
the country, Perú’s border with Chile in the department of Tacnais affected by mines laid by Chile during the 1970s and 1980s. According to
the Ministry of Defense, the mine-affected lands in Tacna are productive
agricultural lands and the mined areas under the jurisdiction of the
Perúvian government are properly
marked.[33]
In May 2001
Perú reported that there are 9,886 CICITEC antipersonnel mines laid
around public
infrastructure.[34] This
includes 927 CICITEC AP mines around infrastructure in the port of El Callao
near Lima, 2,890 around infrastructure in the southern Andean department of
Puno, 2,897 around infrastructure in the northern Andean department of
Cajamarca, and 3,172 around infrastructure in Lima.
Two electrical energy
companies in the country now have mine-affected installations: ETECEN S.A. and
ETEVENSA S.A. Clearance of installations owned by EDEGEL S.A., was recently
completed.[35] Perú
reports 54,579 CICITEC and DEXA AP mines around 1,663 high-tension electrical
towers in the departments of Lima, Junin, Huancayo, Huancavelica and
Ica.[36] Perú has stated
that it intends to complete mine clearance of the electrical towers by
2009.[37]
It is suspected
that electrical towers in the Paramonga zone of Lima, and fields in the former
Armed Forces training center in La Chira, Lima are mine-affected but this has
not been confirmed yet.[38]
According to the Ombudsman’s Office, there is a possibility that former
military bases in emergency zones in the country’s interior were mined,
but no studies have been carried out to
date.[39]
The mine problem in
Perú has been affected by climatic factors such as El
Niño.[40] According to a
March 2001 media report, after days of heavy rains and subsequent flooding of
the Zarumilla river military authorities in the northern border department of
Tumbes feared new mine casualties due to displaced or exposed
landmines.[41] The
Perúvian Army states that during a feasibility study for renovation and
construction in the Zarumilla Canal, it determined that there were antipersonnel
and antitank mines in the area, which had been displaced by El
Niño.[42]
In April
2001, Chilean Navy marines set up an observation tower close to the border with
Perú, leading then-Foreign Minister Javier Pérez de Cuellar to
express his concern with the Chilean government and resulting in demonstrations
at the site by Peruvians.[43]
Media reported that one of the main reasons Chilean forces established the
observation tower was to safeguard the local population from landmines displaced
by heavy rains in the Andean
highlands.[44]
No further
surveys or assessments have been carried out since the most recent assessment
was made by UNMAS in August and September 1999.
Mine Action Funding
During the May 2001 intersessional meeting on mine
clearance, the delegation of Perú made an intervention summarizing its
mine clearance efforts to
date.[45] It stated that it has
committed $6 million to mine clearance over the past two yearswhile the
country has received approximately $5 million in assistance from foreign donors,
in the form of training and
equipment.[46] It said that it
has “covered all operational costs of mine clearance activities –
such as insurance and air transportation – for which we were unable to
find international aid” and added that “under the current political
and economic circumstances that my country is going through, we are unable to
keep on bearing all operational
costs.”[47]
On 17 May
2001 the OAS Secretary General César Gaviria and Perúvian
Ambassador to the OAS, Manuel Rodríguez, signed an agreement between the
OAS and Perú on mine
action.[48] The OAS reports
that it has been active in reinforcing national institutional and technical
capacity in humanitarian mine clearance, developing funding proposals, and a
general framework of mine clearance operations in Perú, among other
objectives.[49] OAS support for
country programs in Perú and Ecuador are pilot projects with a two-year
timeline requiring just over $2 million per year per
country.[50] According to the
OAS, the international community has either allocated or committed more than $1
million in order to initiate each mine action program in Perú and
Ecuador.[51]
In April 1999
the OAS established a specific fund in order to receive international funding in
support of humanitarian demining efforts in Perú and Ecuador under the
“Program for Demining Assistance in Ecuador/Perú”
(PADEP).[52] To date, Canada
and the US have made multiple contributions to the fund. Initial contributions
were utilized primarily for humanitarian demining equipment. Current funding
represents a portion of the nearly $5 million per country needed to fully
implement the two year pilot program accompanying the framework cooperation
agreements signed with Ecuador in March and Perú in May
2001.[53] Appeals for financial
support are currently being circulated for additional donor consideration.
In 2000 the US provided $2.1 million for Perú’s mine action
program, including $500,000 for the OAS pilot project and $500,000 for
equipment.[54] The US
Department of Defense provided support to the national demining authority and
trained 35 Perúvian Armydeminers. More trainings missions are
planned in 2001.
There were plans for a Canadian contribution of $71,469 in
October 2000, to acquire specialized demining
suits.[55] In June 2000,
Australia sent two Australian Defense Forces experts to Perú who held two
seminars and demonstrations on destruction of mine stockpiles for ten Peruvian
instructors of the Peruvian Armed Forces and 90 members of the National
Police.[56] Perú reports
that cooperation from the governments of Spain and Japan was not renewed for the
year 2000.[57]
In November
2000, Perú reported that demining operations of the Zarumilla Canal and
its source, La Palma, in Tumbes require approximately $236,000 in materials,
equipment, insurance and logistics
support.[58] Perú has
indicated that if funding is secured, mine clearance of the 18-kilometer long
canal could start in June or July 2001 and take four to six months, depending on
weather conditions and the density of mines
found.[59] At the OAS General
Assembly in June 2000, Canada announced a contribution of approximately $130,000
to the OAS program in Perú, part of which will go to mine clearance of
the Zarumilla Canal.[60]
Mine Clearance
As part of the peace agreement of 26 October 1998,
Perú and Ecuador agreed to demining of the border under the supervision
of the Ecuador/Perú Multinational Observation Mission, MOMEP.
Coordination of mine action in Perú is now the responsibility of the
Foreign Affairs and Defense Working Group established in 2000.
The mine
clearance operation along Perú’s border with Ecuador is the
responsibility of Peruvian Army Engineers who currently have a mine clearance
capacity of one batallion of 140 people, in ten teams of fourteen each trained
in 1999 with support of the US and Spain. Mine clearance operations around
public infrastructure and high-tension electrical towers is the responsibility
of the electrical companies and executed by the specialized DIVSAM-DEXA Division
(División de Seguridad de Activación de Minas y Dispositivos
Explosivos de Autoprotección) of the National Police.
To date,
Perú has completed two major clearance projects along the border with
Ecuador. The first was completed between January and March 1999 and involved
clearance of 82,814 square meters of land and destruction of 438 mines in order
to permit placement of border markers between the two
countries.[61] The second
project was completed by the same team of 140 men between October 1999 and March
2000 and involved clearance of 315,000 square kilometres and destruction of 963
mines for an access road linking Ecuador to the Tiwinza Memorial, which is on
the Perúvian side of the
border.[62]
The next
project was due to start in June 2001, if funding was secured, and involves
clearance of the Zarumilla Canal and its source, La Palma, in Tumbes. This will
be followed by a mine clearance project in the Cenepa border regions with
partial funding assistance provided by the
OAS.[63]
Project plans in
preparation include mine clearance of the Yaupi and Santiago river basin in the
department of Amazonas, where the Santiago highway will be constructed, and
medium and long-term demining of the other suspected areas along the northern
border.[64] If technical and
financial support is secured, Perú could mobilize another batallion to
start work in the Santiago river basin in
2002.[65]
During the period
from March 2000 to March 2001, Perú reported that 14,737 mines were
destroyed in mine clearance operations around infrastructure and electricity
towers.[66] These include:
5,551 MGP mines cleared from around public infrastructure in Lima and 9,186
CCITEC and DEXA mines cleared from 178 electrical towers by the National Police.
The electrical energy company responsible for these electrical towers is not
specified.
According to an official at EDEGEL, that energy company
destroyed the last mine located around its high-tension towers in Chosica, near
Lima, on 16 February 2001.[67]
A Ministry of Foreign Affairs official confirmed that mine clearance around
EDEGEL high-tension towers has been completed and said it is estimated that mine
clearance of remaining ETECEN towers will take seven more
years.[68] Mine clearance of
the remaining 1,663 high-tension electrical towers in the departments of Lima,
Huancayo, Huancavelica and Ica continues.
In May 2001, Perú noted
that it plans to recruit and train three more battalions to carry out mine
clearance activities simultaneously along the border with Ecuador and
high-tension electrical towers for “at least the next 8
years.”[69] In terms of
equipment, Perú stated that it needs 100 light protection suits, 500
pairs of boots and overboots, 100 foot protection systems, 500 probes and 100
mine detectors for mine clearance activities in 2001 and
2002.[70]
Mine Awareness
Perú reports that in the period from March
2000 to March 2001 Army personnel carried out bilingual mine awareness campaigns
in cooperation with the local population in mine-affected border areas in the
north of the country.[71] The
National Police and private electricity companies have renovated mine warning
signals around electrical towers and carried out mine awareness meetings with
nearby communities.[72]
Landmine Casualties
According to the Ombudsman’s Office, neither
the Ministry of Health nor the National Institute of Rehabilitation (INR) keeps
a registry of landmine victims in the
country.[73] Perú
reports that it has made initial contacts with various national institutions in
order to prepare a national registry of landmine
victims.[74]
On 7 April
2001, a 23-year-old Peruvian civilian attempting to illegally enter Chile with
two companions stepped on a mine in Escritos ravine, six kilometers east of
border marker 5.[75] He was
taken to the hospital in Arica (Chile) by Chilean authorities, where his right
leg was amputated. The incident reportedly happened four kilometres from the
observation tower briefly set up by Chilean Navy Marines earlier in April 2001,
and at the same time as a unit from the Chilean Army Engineers Corps had began
mine clearance activities in the areas of the San José and Lluta rivers
where presumably the heavy rains had displaced landmines in the border
regions.
In the most recent Article 7 report (Form J), Perú reported
six mine incidents involving seven casualties in the Army and National Police
during 2000.[76] This includes
four mine incidents in the Peruvian Army: a sergeant was killed on 21 January
2000; a sergeant had his left leg amputated on 6 March 2000; a soldier had his
left leg amputated on 16 March 2000; and a soldier had both legs amputated on 24
August 2000. Two mine incidents were reported by the Peruvian National Police:
a policeman suffered a fractured right leg and left heel on 23 August 2000; two
policemen had their vision damaged in both eyes and one of them was also wounded
in the legs and one arm on 2 November 2000.
In the most recent Article 7
report (Form J), Perú reported the following antipersonnel mine
casualties in the Peruvian Army: 1995, 20 dead and 16 injured; 1996, five dead
and eight injured; 1997, one dead and seven injured; 1998, four dead and 29
injured; 1999, two dead and seven injured; and 2000, one dead and three injured.
Also included in the Article 7 report (Form J) was the following antipersonnel
mine casualties in the Peruvian National Police: 1989, four injured; 1990, one
dead and four injured; 1991, seven injured; 1992, seven injured; 1993, four
injured; 1994, eight injured; 1995, one dead and 12 injured; 1996, two injured;
1997, six injured; 1998, two dead and three injured; 1999, five injured; and
2000, three injured.
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in
Lima has kept records of mine incidents and casualties in the country since
1992, and these were updated in 2001. ICRC estimates there were a total
of 133mine incidents in both the Ecuador border areas and around public
infrastructure and high-tension towers between
1992-2000.[77]
Survivor Assistance and Disability Policy and Practice
The Army and National Police provide medical
assistance, physical rehabilitation and prostheses for their own members injured
by mines. Medical attention available to civilians is more limited,
particularly in rural areas near the border with Ecuador and in the interior
Andean highlands. According to the CCW Article 13 annual report, Laws 26511 and
27050 regulate the support of the State for both civilian and military victims
of antipersonnel
mines.[78]
Perú has
enacted a number of measures related to disabled persons, including mine
victims.[79] These including
guidelines for the rehabilitation and integration of mines victims, the 1995 Law
26511 for support of disabled veterans of the Cenepa conflict, the 1999 General
Law 27050 for the care and rehabilitation of the disabled, the creation of the
National Council for the Integration of Persons with Disabilities (CONADIS), and
Resolution RP 004-2000-P/CONADIS to set up a national registry of disabled
persons.[80]
It has also
made initial contacts to strengthen training projects in the Specialized Centers
for Professional Rehabilitation (CERP) in Piura, Arequipa, and Lima. The
National Police is reported to have signed agreements regarding training
activities for its mine victims with the National Society of Informatics, and
the Army is negotiating agreements with the CERP.
[1] Article 7 report, Form A,
submitted 4 May 2001.
[2]
Interview with Air Force General Luis Raygada Cáceres, member of the
Foreign Affairs-Defense Working Group, Lima, 25 April
2001.
[3] Interview with
Manuel Talavera, Subdirector of International Affairs, Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, and member of the Foreign Affairs and Defense Working Group, Lima, 24
April 2001; “Pierde pie derecho por ingresar en forma ilegal a
Chile,” El Comercio (Lima), 10 April 2001; Editorial,
“Frontera con Chile,” La Industria de Trujillo (Trujillo), 11
April 2001.
[4] The Working
Group was established by Supreme Resolutions No. 335-2000-RE (July 2000) and
483-2000-RE (October 2000). Article 7 report, Form A, 4 May
2001.
[5] Article 7 report,
Form A, 4 May 2001; CCW Article 13 annual report, Form D, 7 November
2000.
[6] Interview with
Manuel Talavera, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 24 April 2001. Landmine Monitor
researchers were given a tour of the Mine Action
Center.
[7] Article 13 annual
report, 7 November 2000.
[8]
Interview with Helen Verspeelt, Officer in Charge of Landmine Issues, UNLiREC,
Lima, 24 April 2001.
[9]
UNLiREC, presentation made at the Regional Seminar on Preparations for the Third
Meeting of State Parties to the Mine Ban Treaty, Lima, 28 March
2001.
[10] Linda Lema Tucker,
“La Convención de Ottawa y la Prohibición de Minas: Papel de
las ONGs,” UNLiREC Regional Seminar on Preparations for the Third Meeting
of State Parties to the Mine Ban Treaty, Lima, 28 March
2001.
[11] UNLiREC, Latin
America and the Caribbean Regional Workshop: Revision and Future Implementation
of International Mine Action Standards, Lima, 31 May-1 June
2001.
[12] Article 7 report,
Form E, 4 May 2001. A 1999 UN Mine Action Service mission reported that
according to officials at the Ministry of Defense, production of antipersonnel
mines ceased in January 1999. UNMAS, “Mine Action Assessment Mission
Report: Perú,” 3 December 1999, p.
21.
[13] Past production by
the National Police had not been reported in Perú first Article 7 report,
though was reported in Landmine Monitor Report 2000, p. 296. In the more
recent Article 7 report, Form E, 4 May 2001, Perú reports that the
National Police stopped producing the DEXA “rustic”
(“artesanal”) antipersonnel mine in
1994.
[14] Telephone
interview with General Raul O’Connor, Director, Information Office,
Ministry of Defense, 19 April
2000.
[15] Article 7 report,
Form C, Table 2, 4 May
2001.
[16] Interview with
Daniel Soria and Susana Klien, Defensoría del Pueblo, Lima, 24 April
2001.
[17] Article 7 report,
Form B, 4 May 2001.
[18] This
mine is described in the Article 7 report as PMB-6 antipersonnel mine but is
most likely the PMD-6 antipersonnel
mine.
[19] Article 7 report,
Form B, 4 May 2001.
[20]
Article 7 report, Form G, 4 May
2001.
[21] Directive No. 002
DPO/SINGE 10.00 of 26 March 2001. The statement in Form F adds that complete
destruction depends on securing the appropriate funding from the Managua
Challenge Fund. 2nd Article 7 report, Form A and Form F, 4 May
2001.
[22] Article 7 report,
Form F, 4 May 2001.
[23] In
the most recent Article 7 report, Perú stated that it has a stockpile of
323,283 mines. This marks a difference of 11,473 mines from previous Article 7
report, which reported a stockpile of 334,756 mines. The difference is
accounted for by the destruction of 11,784 mines and the addition of 311 M18A1
Claymore mines held by the Navy which were not reported in initial Article 7
report. In the most recent Article 7 report, Perú indicated that it
plans to keep 5,578 mines (Form D) and destroy 317,733 mines (Form F), which
makes a total of 323,311 mines or 28 more mines that the stockpile total
provided of 323,283 mines (Form B).
[24] See “Piura centro
de destrucción de minas antipersonales,” El Tiempo (Piura),
31 May 2001. “Las 33 mil minas destruidas eran de la Primera Región
Militar,” El Comercio (Lima), 31 May 2001. “Seguirá el
desminado de fronteras,” El Comercio, Lima, 31 May 2001.
“Perú destruye 33.000 minas antipersonal,” Agence France
Press (Lima), 31 May
2001.
[25] Email to ICBL from
Carmen Azurín Araujo, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 6 June
2001.
[26] Perú
planned to destroy 67,000 mines in the First Military Region, but only destroyed
33,421 mines according to media reports. Perú did not report destruction
of 24,000 mines planned for the Third Military
Region.
[27] “Destruyen
mas de 72 mil minas en Piura,” El Comercio, 26 July
2001.
[28] Article 7 report,
Form D, 2 May 2000; Article 7 report, Form D, 4 May 2001. Requested by Chief of
Staff memorandum No.777 EMFFAA D3/SIT of 6 March 2001, and reported by
Perúvian Army communiqué No. 16 DPO/SINGE, 26 March 2001. See
Article 7 report, Form A, April
2001.
[29] For more details
see Landmine Monitor Report 2000, pp.
298-299.
[30] Statement by
the Perúvian Delegation to the Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, 9
May 2001.
[31] Article 7
report, Form C, Table 2, 4 May
2001.
[32] Statement by the
Perúvian Delegation, “Perú’s Mine Clearance
Report,” to the Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 9 May
2001.
[33] Telephone
interview with General Raul O’Connor, Ministry of Defense, 19 April
2000.
[34] Article 7 report,
Form C, Table 1.1, 4 May
2001.
[35] Defensoría
del Pueblo, “El problema de las minas antipersonales dentro del territorio
nacional,” March
2000.
[36] The report notes,
“due to an error, in the first Article 7 report, the mined towers of one
electrical tower were counted twice.” Article 7 report, Form C, Table 1.2,
4 May 2001.
[37] Statement by
the Perúvian Delegation, “Perú’s Mine Clearance
Report,” to the Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 9 May
2001.
[38] Article 7 report,
Form C, Table 2, 4 May
2001.
[39] Interview with
Daniel Soria and Susana Klien, Defensoría del Pueblo, Lima, 24 April
2001.
[40] Interview with
Advisor Manuel Talavera, Subdirector of International Affairs, Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, and member of the Foreign Affairs –Defense Working Group,
Lima, 24 April 2001.
[41]
“En la frontera temen remoción de minas,” El Tiempo
(Piura), 23 March 2001.
[42]
Article 13 annual report, Form F, 7 November 2000. See also
“Cancillerías necesitan ponerse de acuerdo para el
desminado,” El Comercio (Lima), 31 May
2001.
[43]
“Cancillería comunica a Chile su extrañeza y
preocupación,” El Comercio (Lima), 5 April 2001, and
Editorial, “Frontera con Chile,” La Industria de Trujillo
(Trujillo), 11 April
2001.
[44]
“Cancillería comunica a Chile su extrañeza y
preocupación,” El Comercio (Lima), 5 April 2001;
“Armada retiró vigilancia,” La Estrella de Arica
(Arica, Chile), 6 April 2001; “Chilenos invaden territorio peruano,”
La República (Lima), 3 April 2001; “Chile usurpa más
de 24 mil metros cuadrados de territorio peruano. Gobierno chileno, en tanto,
ordena retiro de tropa militar,” El Expreso (Lima), 6 April
2001.
[45] Statement of the
Perúvian Delegation, “Perú’s Mine Clearance
Report,” to the Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Geneva, 9 May
2001.
[46]
Ibid.
[47]
Ibid.
[48] OAS News,
“Destroying Land Mines in Ecuador, Perú,” May-June
2001.
[49] OAS,
“Informe del Secretario General sobre la implentación de las
Resoluciones 1745 (apoyo a PADEP) y 1751 (apoyo a PADCA),” 7 May
2001.
[50] Email from William
McDonough, OAS Mine Action Coordinator to Landmine Monitor, 17 April
2001.
[51] OAS,
“Informe del Secretario General sobre la implentación de las
Resoluciones 1745 (apoyo a PADEP) y 1751 (apoyo a PADCA),” 7 May
2001.
[52] With the signing
of the framework agreements in May 2001 and the establishment of individual
identities for programs in Ecuador and Peru, the PADEP term is no longer used,
although the fund continues to bear that name.
[53] Email to Landmine
Monitor (HRW) from William McDonough, OAS, 26 July
2001.
[54] This funding is
for the period of the US fiscal year, which for FY2000 was October 99 to
September 2000. US Department of State, Office of Humanitarian Demining
Programs, "FY00 NADR Project Status," 27 December 2000; US Department of State,
Office of Humanitarian Demining Programs, "Demining Program Financing History"
24 October 2000; US Department of Defense, Office of the Assistant Secretary of
Defense for Special Operations and Low Intensity Conflict, “HD FY00 for
Landmine Monitor,” 7 June
2001.
[55] Article 13 annual
report, Form E, 7 November
2000.
[56]
Ibid.
[57]
Ibid.
[58]
Ibid.
[59] Statement by the
Perúvian Delegation, 9 May
2001.
[60] Article 13 annual
report, Form E, 7 November
2000.
[61] Statement by the
Peruvian Delegation, 9 May
2001.
[62]
Ibid.
[63] Article 7 report,
Form F, Table 2.2, 4 May 2001; “Seguirá el desminado de
fronteras,” El Comercio (Lima), 31 May 2001; Interview with Air
Force General Luis Raygada Cáceres, member of the Foreign Affairs-Defense
Working Group, Lima, 25 April
2001.
[64] Article 7 report,
Form F Table 2.2, 4 May
2001.
[65] Statement by the
Peruvian Delegation, 9 May 2001; Interview with Air Force General Luis Raygada
Cáceres, member of the Foreign Affairs and Defense Working Group, Lima,
25 April 2001.
[66] Article 7
report, Form F, Table 2.1, Form G, Table 2, 4 May
2001.
[67] Interview with
Pilar Campana, EDEGEL SA, Lima, 22 February
2001.
[68] Interview with
Advisor Manuel Talavera, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 24 April
2001.
[69] Statement by the
Peruvian Delegation, 9 May
2001.
[70]
Ibid.
[71] Article 7 report,
Form I, 4 May 2001.
[72]
Article 7 report, Form I, 4 May
2001.
[73] Interview with
Daniel Soria and Susana Klien, Defensoría del Pueblo, Lima, 24 April
2001.
[74] Article 7 report,
Form J, 4 May 2001. The institutions include the National Congress of the
Disabled CONADIS, the Ombudsman’s Office of Perú, the Army,
National Police, the National Confederation of the Disabled CONFENADIP, the
Association for the Development of Disabled Persons, and the Women’s
International League for Peace and Freedom, Perú
office.
[75] “Cuando
intentaba entrar ilegalmente a Chile Perúano resultó herido por
mina antipersonal,” La Tercera, (Santiago, Chile), 9 April 2001;
“Pierde pie derecho por ingresar en forma ilegal a Chile,” El
Comercio, (Lima), 10 April 2001; Editorial, “Frontera con
Chile,” La Industria de Trujillo, (Trujillo), 11 April
2001.
[76] Article 7 report,
Form J, 4 May 2001.
[77]
Email to Landmine Monitor (HRW) from ICRC, Mines/Arms Unit, Geneva, 11 July
2001.
[78] Article 13 annual
report, Form D, 7 November
2000.
[79] Article 7 report,
Form J, 4 May 2001.
[80]
CONADIS, “Proyecto para la implementación de un banco de ayudas
compensatorias y biomecánicas para las personas con discapacidad en el
Perú,” sent to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for its Mine Action
Portfolio, 25 April 2001.
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