Key developments since May 2002: During
2002, Kosovo Protection Corps operations cleared 203,360 square meters of land,
destroying nine antipersonnel mines, 206 cluster submunitions, and 29 items of
unexploded ordnance. Fourteen new dangerous areas were discovered. Total
funding of mine action in Kosovo was $1.4 million. Recorded civilian casualties
in 2002 range from 15 to 24, with most caused by unexploded ordnance.
Background
Kosovo is a province of Serbia and Montenegro
(formerly the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) which has been under the
administration of the United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) since 1999. The
UN Mine Action Coordination Center handed responsibility for mine action to
UNMIK and local bodies in late
2001.[1]
Use
In 2002, there continued to be sporadic instances
of the use of mines by unknown persons against the remaining Serbian minority in
Kosovo, and against Serbian military and police forces on the province’s
border with southern Serbia. Mines have been used in disputes over land
ownership between ethnic Albanians and ethnic Serbs in the Klokot region, and in
relation to the repatriation of ethnic Serbs to the towns of Klina, Istok, and
Peja.[2] In September 2002, a
Serbian woman was killed by a wire-triggered mine while harvesting. Shortly
after this, a routine check nearby revealed three antivehicle mines in a vehicle
owned by an ethnic Albanian. In November 2002, an antivehicle mine was found in
a recently refurbished house.[3]
Caches of weapons, including mines, continue to be discovered by the
international Kosovo Force (KFOR), but at a lower level than in previous years.
From January to June 2002, KFOR seized 3,690 grenades and mines. From October
through December 2002, KFOR seized 465 grenades and
mines.[4] On 1 July 2003, an
Albanian ex-commander of the disbanded Kosovo Liberation Army was indicted for
possession of illegal weapons, including 80 antipersonnel and antivehicle mines,
which were seized by KFOR in
February.[5]
Weapons possession is a criminal offence for all Kosovo residents, except
those holding UNMIK authorization, with penal sanctions for
violations.[6]
Mine/UXO Problem
UNMIK determined in December 2001 that “all
known minefields and cluster munition strike sites in Kosovo have been cleared
to internationally acceptable standards.” The UN Mine Action Service
(UNMAS) stated that while “some mines may be found in the future, the
remaining threat in Kosovo consists primarily of limited numbers of CBU [cluster
bomb units] and other UXO [unexploded ordnance].” The Mine Action
Coordination Center (MACC) stated that, “the level of contamination no
longer impedes social and economic development within the
province.”[7]
When responsibility for dealing with residual contamination was handed over
to the Kosovo Protection Corps (KPC) in December 2001, 47 task dossiers remained
to be completed. However, during 2002 more tasks were added to the list than
were taken off, for a number of reasons: new dangerous areas were discovered;
two large clearance sites—NATO cluster bomb strike sites in Grimija and
Jasic—continued to require KPC resources; and limited KPC explosive
ordnance disposal (EOD) capacity in
2002.[8] In January 2003, 49
task dossiers containing 119 dangerous areas were outstanding. Most were
cluster submunition sites viewed as low priority, but requiring
clearance.[9]
New dangerous areas were discovered and low priority areas required higher
prioritization, partly as a result of woodcutters penetrating further into
forested areas, primarily on the Albanian
border.[10] In 2002, fourteen
previously unknown dangerous areas were reported and subsequently verified.
Five are located near known sites in the heavily mined Dulje pass
area.[11]
Grimija and Jasic represent two sites that have taken up much of the KPC
capacity. After a civilian casualty occurred in February 2002 at Grimija, a
NATO cluster bomb strike site cleared in 1999, KPC teams were assigned to clear
it a second time; this operation continued into 2003. Grimija is a popular
recreation and sports area on the outskirts of Pristina, which is heavily
forested with steep slopes that make clearance difficult and slow. Information
provided by the US in November 2002 indicates that the strike site may be more
extensive than first
indicated.[12] Jasic, another
forested area, was the site of seven NATO cluster munition strikes; it has taken
up the efforts of two KPC teams in
2002-2003.[13]
Mine Action Coordination and Planning
The Department of Civil Security and Emergency
Preparation, which assumed responsibility for all matters pertaining to EOD in
Kosovo, was renamed the Office of the KPC Coordinator (OKPCC) in November
2002.[14] The EOD Management
section of the OKPCC includes three international staff (expected to remain to
the end of 2003, after training national staff), supported by six national
staff.[15]
Six of the seven KPC teams trained for EOD are under the command of the six
regional Defense Zone KPC commanders; the seventh is commanded by the KPC
engineering section. The lack of a unified EOD command has meant that both
training and clearance activities have been less efficient than envisaged,
according to Handicap International (HI) staff responsible for training and
supervision. By January 2003, three of the seven KPC teams had been trained in
mine clearance. From January to March 2003, further training was provided in
enhanced demolition, team leader training, and refresher training aimed at
enhancing KPC capacity to plan and manage operations. Only two teams were
tasked to undertake mine clearance as of late January
2003.[16]
In 2002 and continuing in 2003, HI staff were responsible for the transport
and issuing of explosives for use in mine/UXO clearance, as Kosovar
organizations are prohibited from unsupervised explosives or munitions
usage.[17] The HI Phoenix
project continues to provide training, monitoring, and supervision to all seven
KPC teams, and will likely continue until the end of 2003, if funding is
available. Early in 2003, HI had 18 mine action staff (five internationals and
13 nationals).[18] In 2002, HI
was contracted to undertake a separate rapid two-month clearance program in
support of the KPC.
KPC teams are all ethnic Albanians. After difficulties encountered by a KPC
team in a Serbian minority area in November 2001, there was no attempt to use
KPC teams in ethnic Serbian areas during 2002. However, most priority areas are
outside Serb areas.[19]
Following concern about the effect of low rates of pay on motivation and
efficiency, KPC staff seconded to EOD/demining received additional “hazard
pay” from June 2002. They are fully
insured.[20]
A series of ad hoc changes have been made to the original division of
functions assumed by local organizations when the UN MACC closed. In mid-2002,
responsibility for the Information Management System for Mine Action (IMSMA) was
removed from the Cadastral Agency and allocated to the
OKPCC.[21]
Responsibility for the mine victim database was moved from the International
Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to the Ministry of Health Institute for Public
Health (IPH) in March 2002. But by June 2002, no victim data had been provided,
possibly reflecting the low level of mine incidents and low priority given to
this task. The initial regional reporting was changed and an individual given
the task of collecting and collating mine victim
statistics.[22]
During 2002 the OKPCC and the EOD management section reassumed responsibility
for mine risk education. However, no funding was allocated by the OKPCC for MRE
in 2002. Some activities took place in cooperation with the ICRC and
others.[23]
Mine Action Funding
With the declaration in December 2001 that Kosovo
was mine-free, the previous high levels of international mine action funding
fell precipitously. In 2002, funding was directed to HI and the OKPCC.
Salaries of the seven KPC EOD teams are provided by UNMIK as part of its overall
funding of the KPC.
In 2002, total funding of mine action in Kosovo was $1,438,560. The OKPCC
received $432,000 from the UNMIK budget. This covers equipment, but much
equipment previously purchased by international donors was transferred to the
KPC EOD teams and the OKPCC with closure of the UN Mine Action Coordination
Center.[24]
HI’s Phoenix project was budgeted at $941,760 for 2002, funded by the
European Agency for Reconstruction until the end of September, and by the US
Department of State through the International Trust Fund for Demining and Mine
Victims Assistance (ITF) for October to December. The US funding was to
continue through June 2003.[25]
In addition, HI received €71,374 ($67,805) for two months’
clearance activity (6 October-6 December 2002) from UNMAS. HI requested further
funding from UNMAS and the French government in 2003 for
clearance.[26] Recognizing that
KPC “progress on outstanding clearance tasks in 2003 is expected to be
limited,” UNMAS budgeted $255,383 for a team of experienced local and
international personnel to operate in March-September 2003, including in
Serb-dominated areas.[27]
The ICRC, Institute of Public Health and UNMIK provided additional
contributions in kind and financially, during 2002, which have not been
aggregated. HI’s support to disabpersons with disabilities in Kosovo
includes mine survivors, but is a larger, holistic program; its contribution to
mine action in 2002 has not been assessed. The ITF provided $422,676 in 2002
for mine risk education and for supervision of the
KPC.[28] This included $177,502
to the Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation’s “Sports for
Life” program in
Kosovo.[29]
Survey and Prioritization
In 2002, new mine/UXO-contaminated areas continued
to be discovered. The OKPCC decided to develop an eight-person team to survey
and mark newly-reported dangerous areas. In January 2003, it was envisaged that
funding would allow approximately eight months’ work by this
team.[30]
Fourteen new dangerous areas, and several level one survey tasks, have been
added to the list of dangerous areas requiring survey or clearance in
2003.[31]
By January 2003, all 49 task dossiers (containing 119 dangerous sites) had
been clearly marked. Two KPC teams carried out new or refresher marking of
previously known sites during November and December 2002, and undertook
community liaison activity with local residents.
Mine/UXO Clearance
During 2002, KPC operations cleared 203,360 square
meters of land and destroyed nine antipersonnel mines, 206 cluster submunitions,
and 29 items of UXO. Of the area cleared in 2002, 185,931 square meters was
surface and subsurface battle area clearance, and 17,429 square meters was
demining.[32]
Clearance focused mainly on two NATO cluster bomb strike sites, Grimija and
Gjakova/Jasic, where five KPC teams worked (and were expected to remain during
2003). At Grimija, 326 cluster submunitions were discovered in previous
operations, and over 100 more submunitions have been discovered and destroyed
since April 2002. The other two teams were deployed in the Dulje pass area
conducting manual mine clearance, followed by survey and marking activity
throughout Kosovo. The HI team worked on a previously suspended battle area
site near Dakovicafrom 7 October to 4 December. In total, KPC/HI
teams cleared four task dossiers comprising five dangerous areas in 2002. Work
on four other task sites was suspended over the winter, for completion in
2003.[33] Three local quality
assurance inspectors carried out weekly visits to clearance
sites.[34]
The efficiency of KPC clearance teams in 2002 has caused concern. Comparison
of clearance rates revealed that HI teams cleared about 70 square meters per day
while KPC teams cleared 10 square meters (based on subsurface clearance of
comparable sites). The HI teams are more experienced and better paid. KPC
teams work a shorter day, and the regionalized command structure has meant more
downtime.[35] In its budgeting
for 2003, UNMAS recognized current KPC limitations and budgeted for a team of
experienced local and international personnel to achieve “significant risk
reduction over the short to mid-term”, including in Serb-dominated
areas.[36]
The OKPCC reported, however, that results in 2002 give “a slightly
false picture of the remaining situation in Kosovo” because the Grmija and
Jasic sites were particularly difficult to work effectively; for 2003,
experience gained and the addition of HI teams should increase clearance
efficiency, and there will be fewer villages reporting new dangerous
areas.[37] Clearance in 2003
was planned to concentrate on Grmija, Jasic, Dakovica and Cafa
Prusit.[38]
Mine Risk Education
The fact that most mine/UXO casualties in 2002
resulted from the intentional handling of unexploded ordnance, in particular
grenades, suggests the continuing need for mine/UXO risk education in
Kosovo.[39] In total, about
80,000 people received mine risk education in Kosovo in
2002.[40]
A UNICEF consultant helped the Office of the Kosovo Protection Corps
Coordinator plan for the cohesive functioning of Mine Risk Education (MRE) in
Kosovo,[41] after the failure of
the Institute of Public Health (IPH) and Ministry of Education to undertake mine
risk education in 2002 severely stretched OKPCC
resources.[42]
In 2002, the organizations carrying out MRE were ICRC, UNICEF, the local
organization ARKA, and the German NGO Caritas. This represents a considerable
reduction from the number of organizations engaged in previous years. ICRC
continued with its Safer Village program, begun in 1999, focusing on 87 villages
assessed as still facing a threat from UXO/mines. A total of 12,000 children
and 1,450 adults received MRE presentations. In addition, a MRE spot produced in
Kosovo for the ICRC in 2002 was broadcast by five local TV stations across the
province during a three-month
period.[43] The ICRC also
produced and distributed 1,000 posters, 12,000 children’s notebooks and
2,000 adult notebooks with appropriate
messages.[44]
In early 2002, UNICEF and the Ministry of Education piloted a curriculum
component, which included MRE, to be introduced in all schools in September
2002. But further study deemed it unnecessary for much of Kosovo, and provision
in schools during 2002 was limited. A KFOR proposal to provide MRE in schools
was viewed with extreme caution by OKPCC, UNICEF and
ICRC.[45]
During 2002, fourteen KPC staff were trained by ARKA in MRE and community
liaison, and integrated into the EOD teams to provide a liaison function before,
during and after clearance.
Operation Normal Life, completed in March/April 2002, was considered
successful. Of 810 villages visited, 50 required follow up, of which fifteen
will require some form of clearance
action.[46]
In 2002, the Caritas MRE program focused on villages in eastern Kosovo,
reaching more than 70. “Multipliers” (e.g. members of NGOs,
teachers) were trained as well as students and other community members.
Workshops were organized in educational institutions as well as in public
places. The costs for the program, which was funded by private donations, was
€350,000 ($332,500)[47]
for the years 1999 to 2002, and €46,000 ($43,700) for 2002. Costs were
much lower in 2002 than previously because the international project was
transferred to local ownership. The project is not continuing in
2003.[48]
In 2002, according to the OKPCC annual report,
there were fifteen civilian casualties (eight people killed and seven seriously
injured) from landmines, UXO, and cluster bombs. Landmines caused only one
injury during 2002. UXO caused five deaths and six injuries and cluster bombs
killed three people. Ten of the casualties, including three of those killed,
were under the age of 18 years. Most incidents involved intentional
handling.[50]
The ICRC reports slightly different data for 2002: there were 24 casualties,
including seven deaths, in fifteen incidents--one involving a mine, two
involving cluster bombs and twelve involving
UXO.[51]
In 2001, according to the MACC, there were seventeen incidents that caused 22
casualties, of whom nine were killed and thirteen injured. In 2000, nine were
killed and 84 injured.[52] In
the period June 1999 to December 2001, a total of 457 casualties of landmines,
UXO and cluster bombs were reported: 92 killed and 365
injured.[53]
Since December 2001, the Institute of Public Health (IPH) has been
responsible for data collection, but it did not, however, undertake this
activity until August 2002.[54]
Prior to this, the OKPCC assigned a staff member to closely monitor local media
and liaise with KFOR and civilian police, and to investigate any reports of
mine/UXO casualties. Only life-threatening or disfiguring were injuries
recorded, which may account for the discrepancy between OKPCC and ICRC
figures.[55]
One incident in September 2002, in which a Serbian woman was killed while
harvesting, was not classified by the OKPCC as being a landmine incident, but
rather a criminal act that used a landmine, and is not reflected in the
statistics.[56]
A single incident on 6 December 2002, in which three children were killed and
two seriously injured, had a major impact on the casualty figures. Five boys
aged between four and 11 years, from the same family, detonated a grenade,
apparently by pulling the pin out, although all had received MRE in the
past.[57]
No casualties were reported among deminers in 2002. In previous years, the
level of casualties among deminers caused
concern.[58]
Casualties continue to be reported in 2003, with three children injured in
two UXO incidents in February and April
2003.[59]
Survivor Assistance
Kosovo has an extensive network of medical support
across the region, although the standard of facilities varies widely. The
University Hospital in Pristina is the only hospital capable of handling major
trauma cases. KFOR units provide an evacuation capability as well as immediate
medical attention, particularly for serious cases, if necessary. Facilities for
physical rehabilitation are reportedly poor and there is limited or no capacity
to provide occupational therapy or psychosocial
support.[60]
HI is the lead agency for survivor assistance in Kosovo, focusing on building
capacity in the health system and acting as an advisor to the Ministry of
Health.[61]
The ICRC trained local Red Cross teams in the Mitrovica region in emergency
medical evacuation. Staff in the Red Cross of Kosovo and Metohija received first
aid training and equipment. The Swiss Red Cross contributed to a WHO/UNMIK
health-care project by training nurses and doctors in the Pec/Peja
region.[62]
The Qendra National Ortho-Prosthetic Center in Pristina is the only facility
in Kosovo for the production and fitting of lower limb
prostheses.[63] HI is providing
material assistance to the center. HI is also funding the training of ten
technicians, four are currently training abroad (one will graduate in July 2003,
the others in 2005). A further six technicians are training on-the-job in
Kosovo and are expected to graduate in early
2004.[64] In 2002, the
department of prosthetics assisted 424 people, including several mine survivors,
and supplied 143 prostheses and repaired a further 88. HI material support to
the center ends at the end of 2003 when full responsibility is handed over to
the Ministry of Health. There are concerns about the center’s capacity to
obtain sufficient raw materials to meet needs without international
support.[65]
The Peja hospital has been refurbished and now has a rehabilitation
department and prosthetics workshop provided by Italian NGOs through Italian
KFOR. The workshop, however, was not functioning due to a lack of
materials.[66]
According to HI, there are only 24 highly trained physiotherapists in Kosovo.
About 600 are needed to meet the needs of the region. HI has supported the
establishment of a three-year degree course in physiotherapy at the University
of Pristina. Twenty students commenced training in September 2002 with a
further 35 due to start in September 2003. The program is supported by the
European Agency for Rehabilitation, HI, Queen’s University and the French
Red Cross.[67]
HandiKos, a local disability NGO established in 1983, has a network of
offices throughout Kosovo. Its programs which include components of physical
rehabilitation, psychosocial support, vocational training and material support,
assist all persons with disabilities in Kosovo, including mine survivors.
HandiKos received financial support from HI until October 2002. Other donors to
the program include Finland, the Save the Children Alliance, and Italian
NGOs.[68]
The Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) assists child victims of the war, including
mine survivors in all areas of Kosovo. The program provides medical, material,
psychosocial and legal support. In 2002, a total of 148 child victims of the
war, including many mine survivors, directly benefited from the program with 430
direct actions including assessment visits, visits to hospital, prostheses and
orthopedic follow-up, assistance with school materials, and the distribution of
food parcels and firewood. In June 2002, a summer camp was organized for 30
children in cooperation with Caritas Kosovo at a beach in Montenegro. The
program is supported by Renovibis and
SCIAF.[69]
The Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation (VVAF) program of psychosocial
assistance to persons with war-related disabilities ended on 28 February
2002.[70] In May 2002, a new
program, “Sports for Life”, began, developing sporting activities
for persons with disabilities and other disadvantaged groups. Since the program
started, 2,568 persons with disabilities, including 65 landmine survivors, have
participated in various sporting activities. The program is supported by the ITF
and Norway.[71]
One of the main issues facing landmine survivors in Kosovo is the lack of
employment opportunities, because of the economic situation. In June 2003,
HandiKos was scheduled to open a Resource Center on Disability in cooperation
with World Vision, which will include facilities for vocational
training.[72]
Disability Policy and Practice
The Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare has
responsibility for the long-term aspects of survivor assistance, including the
provision of social assistance, and maintains liaisons with NGOs working with
mine survivors.[73] The
Ministry of Health has appointed an officer for physical medicine and
rehabilitation, who is working with HI, to strengthen the rehabilitation
sector.[74]
Legislation has been introduced in Kosovo, which provides all persons,
including mine victims, who sustained injuries between November 1998 and June
1999, with a small monthly stipend. However, there is no provision in the
legislation for casualties after this date. Efforts are underway to amend the
legislation to include post-conflict victims. Social assistance for civilian
victims of the conflict ranges between €34 and €63 (approx. $32-$61)
per month depending on the degree of incapacity, but is only available to those
unable to work.[75]
There is a Disability Council, which includes representatives from the
Ministries of Health, Labor and Social Welfare, and Education, as well as
HandiKos, HI, and donor bodies. There is also a Disability Adviser within the
Prime Minister's Cabinet. In December 2001, the Disability Council presented
its final draft of the Comprehensive Disability Policy Framework to the Office
of Disability Issues. This has the status of a green paper and has been well
received, but has not yet passed into
law.[76]
[1] See Landmine Monitor Report 2000, p.
874; Landmine Monitor Report 2001, pp. 948-949; Landmine Monitor Report 2002,
pp. 821-822. [2] Interview with Steven
Saunders, EOD Operations Officer, Office of the KPC Coordinator, UNMIK,
Pristina, 28 January 2003. [3]
Ibid. [4] UN Security Council,
“Monthly Report to the UN on KFOR Operations: 1-31 May 2002;” 3 July
2002; UN Security Council, “Monthly Report to the UN on KFOR Operations:
1-31 October 2002,” 20 December 2002; UN Security Council, “Monthly
Report to the UN on KFOR Operations: 1-30 November 2002,” 23 December
2002; UN Security Council, “Monthly Report to the UN on KFOR Operations:
1-31 December 2002,” 31 January 2003. Separate data for mines is not
recorded by KFOR. [5] “Ethnic
Albanian indicted for illegal possession of weapons,” Associated Press, 1
July 2003. [6] Landmine Monitor Report
2002, p. 822. [7] Ibid., p.
823. [8] Interview with Steven Saunders,
UNMIK, 28 January 2003; MACC, “Remaining Task in MNB Order, Amendment
Six,” Pristina, 12 March 2003. [9]
UNMIK, “UNMIK OKPCC EOD Management Section Annual Report 2002,” 20
January 2003, p. 3. [10] Interview with
Steven Saunders, UNMIK, 28 January
2003. [11] UNMIK, “Annual Report
2002,” 20 January 2003, pp.
1-3. [12] Interview with Steven
Saunders, UNMIK, 28 January 2003; UNMIK “Annual Report 2002,” 20
January 2003, p. 3. [13]
Ibid. [14] UNMIK, “Annual Report
2002,” 20 January 2003, p. 1. This states that the DCSEP is “now
known as” the OKPCC, but annexes of the report show the OKPCC as a
department within the DCESP. See Landmine Monitor Report 2002, pp. 824-825 for
evaluation of the UN mine action program in Kosovo and handover to the
KPC. [15] Interview with Steven
Saunders, UNMIK, 28 January 2003. [16]
Interview with Aidan Thornton, Mine Action Program Manager, Handicap
International (HI), Pristina, 28 January
2003. [17]
Ibid. [18] Interview with Driton Ukmata,
Director, HI, Pristina, 27 January
2003. [19] Interview with John Hare,
Technical Advisor, HI, Pristina, 14 April
2002. [20] Interview with Steven
Saunders, UNMIK, 28 January 2003. [21]
Ibid. [22] Interview with Nora Demiri,
Mine Awareness Officer, ICRC, Pristina, 28 January
2003. [23] UNMIK, “Annual Report
2002,” 20 January 2003, p. 4. [24]
Interview with Steven Saunders, UNMIK, 28 January
2003. [25] Interview with Driton Ukmata,
HI, 27 January 2003. [26]
Ibid. [27] “Kosovo (Federal
Republic of Yugoslavia),” Portfolio of Mine-related Projects – 2003
Country Programs, p. 164. [28] ITF,
“Annual Report 2002,” p. 37; email from Eva Veble, Head of
International Relations, ITF, 8 May
2003. [29] Email from Sabina Beber, ITF,
18 June 2003. [30] Interview with Steven
Saunders, UNMIK, 28 January 2003. [31]
UNMIK, “Annual Report 2002,” 20 January 2003, p.
3. [32] Ibid; interview with Steven
Saunders, UNMIK, 28 January 2003. See also Landmine Monitor Report 2002, p.
829. [33] UNMIK, “Annual Report
2002,” 20 January 2003, pp. 2,
4. [34] Ibid, p.
2. [35] Interview with Steven Saunders,
UNMIK, 28 January 2003; interview with Aidan Thornton, HI, 28 January
2003. [36] UN, “Portfolio of
Mine-related Projects 2003,” October 2002, p.
164. [37] UNMIK, “Annual Report
2002,” 20 January 2003, p. 7. [38]
Ibid, p. 6. [39] Interview with Nora
Demiri, ICRC, 29 January 2003. [40]
Email from Rajmonda Thaqi, MRE Assistant, Office of the KPC Coordinator, UNMIK
Pristina, 1 July 2003. [41] Interview
with Nora Demiri, ICRC, 29 January
2003. [42] UNMIK. “Annual Report
2002,” 20 January 2003, pp. 1,
4. [43] Email from Nora Demiri, ICRC, 23
June 2003. [44] Interview with Nora
Demiri, ICRC, 29 January 2003. [45]
Ibid. [46] UNICEF and Office of the KPC
Coordinator, “Mine Risk Education and Public Information Consultancy
Report,” August 2002, p. 4; Landmine Monitor Report 2002, p.
832. [47] Exchange rate €1 =
US$0.95. Federal Reserve, “List of Exchange Rates (Annual),” 6
January 2003. [48] Email from Gernot
Krauss, Caritas Germany, forwarded to Landmine Monitor on 5 June
2002. [49] For casualties in southern
Serbia, see report on Serbia and
Montenegro. [50] UNMIK, “Annual
Report 2002,” Annex G; interview with Steven Saunders, UNMIK, 28 January
2003. [51] Interview with Nora Demiri,
ICRC, 29 January 2003. [52] See Landmine
Monitor Report 2002, p. 834. [53] Praxis
Group Ltd, “Willing To Listen,” 12 February 2002, p. 73; UNMIK,
“Annual Report 2000,” MACC, p. 4; UNMIK, “Annual Report
2001,” paras. 36-38; UNMIK, “Annual Report 2002,”Annex
G. [54] UNMIK, “Annual Report
2002,” Annex G. [55] Interview
with Nora Demiri, ICRC, 29 January
2003. [56] UNMIK, “Annual Report
2002,” Annex G; interview with Steven Saunders, UNMIK, 28 January
2003. [57] UNMIK, “Annual Report
2002,” p. 4; interview with Steven Saunders, UNMIK, 28 January
2003. [58] See Landmine Monitor Report
2002, p. 831. [59] Interview with Bajram
Krasniqi, Public Information Assistant, UNMIK OKPCC, Pristina, 24 April
2003. [60] For more details see Landmine
Monitor Report 2002, p. 835. [61]
Interview with Dr. Pascal Granier, Coordinator and Dr. Iliriana Dallku, Program
Assistant, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Program, HI, Pristina, 22 April
2003. [62] Email to Landmine Monitor
(HRW) from Kathleen Lawand, Legal Advisor, ICRC, 10 July
2003. [63] Interview with Dr. Iliriana
Dallku, Program Assistant, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, HI, Pristina,
28 January 2003. [64]
Ibid. [65] Interview with Lirije
Makolli, Administrator, Qendra National Ortho-Prosthetic Center, Pristina, 24
April 2003. [66] Interview with Dr.
Iliriana Dallku, HI, 28 January 2003; interview with Dr. Pascal Granier and Dr.
Iliriana Dallku, HI, 22 April 2003. [67]
Interview with Dr. Pascal Granier and Dr. Iliriana Dallku, HI, 22 April
2003. [68] Interview with Afrim Maliqi,
Program Coordinator, HandiKos, Pristina, 25 April
2003. [69] Interview with Kastriot
Dodaj, Program Manager, Jesuit Refugee Service, Pristina, 25 April 2003 and
Annual Report, Jesuit Refugee Service Southeast Europe, Landmine Victims
Projects, Year 2001 and 2002. [70] See
Landmine Monitor Report 2002, p.
836. [71] Interview with Barbara Stuart,
Head of Mission, VVAF, Pristina, 22 April 2003 and VVAF Sports for Life Fact
Sheet 2002-2003. [72] Interview with
Afrim Maliqi, HandiKos, 25 April
2003. [73] UNMIK, “Annual Report
2002,” pp. 13-14. [74] Interview
with Dr. Ismail Blakaj, Officer for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,
Ministry of Health, Pristina, 23 April
2003. [75] Interview with Nuhi Ismaili,
Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare, Pristina, 25 April
2003. [76] Interview with Dr. Nexhat
Shatri, HI, Pristina, 28 January 2003.
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