United Nations Office For Project Services (UNOPS)
Introduction
Long after combat ends, landmines and unexploded ordnance continue to maim
and kill, preventing people from safely returning to their homes, tilling their
fields, collecting water, as well as preventing governments from reconstructing
power lines and industrial infrastructure, blocking efforts to proceed with
normal socio-economic development. Mine action is an integrated approach to
addressing the mine problem and consists of a range of activities that create a
safer environment for people to resume a normal and productive life.
Over the past year, UNOPS has been active in 16 of the world's most heavily
mined countries, on behalf of its major clients: the United Nations Mine Action
Service (UNMAS), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the United
Nations Office of the Iraq Programme (UNOIP). UNOPS provided the project
management and technical services necessary to deal with immediate needs and
helped develop national capacity to resolve the problem over the long term,
combining the flexibility and innovation of the private sector with the
principles and objectives of the United Nations.
While UNMAS is the general UN focal point for mine action, UNOPS is the
principal provider for mine action project services within the United Nations
system. The UNOPS Mine Action Unit (MAU), established in early 1998, is
responsible for UNOPS involvement in mine action, including execution,
cooperation or partnership arrangements in nearly all of the UN mine action
projects. The MAU provides specialized project management, technical and legal
expertise, as well as support for fielding personnel and procurement of services
and supplies. This combination of skills enables UNOPS to efficiently provide
mine action project management services tailored to its clients’ and host
countries’ needs:
Behind the scenes: UNOPS brings together the elements required to set
up a mine action programme, including international expertise, specialized
equipment, complex agreements with donor governments for the provision of
"in-kind" personnel, as well as necessary management and administrative support.
In the country: UNOPS’ specialized project personnel advise
officials of the national mine action authority or directly coordinate the work
of all actors, launch nationwide mine surveys and work with the responsible
authorities to set priorities to meet local needs, according to the scope of the
project.
In the minefields: UNOPS contracts the world's leading demining
companies and NGOs through competitive bidding, and ensures that they follow the
International Mine Action Standards (IMAS). Certification is provided to let
civilians know it's safe to move back home as areas are cleared.
In the community: UNOPS supports medical services, prosthetic and
rehabilitation centres, mine risk education campaigns, and training programmes
that lessen the risk of living in mine- affected areas and teach new skills to
those who have lost limbs and livelihoods.
UNOPS can:
orchestrate the many resources required to start up and carry out effective
mine action;
identify and recruit international and national expertise in mine action,
management, administration, finance, logistics, information systems, etc.;
train nationals and develop local institutions to ensure
sustainability.
rapidly procure and deploy state-of-the-art demining and other equipment to
the field;
conduct tenders and draft contracts and agreements to suit each country
situation;
prepare grant agreements for support to victim assistance and mine
awareness;
provide technical backstopping from Headquarters on all aspects of mine
action; and
ensure exchange of experience and best practices among
programmes.
Through the provision of tailored mine action services, UNOPS has assisted
UNMAS, UNDP, UNOIP and national governments in the:
establishment of national mine action centres and development of national
mine action plans and policies covering standards and quality assurance for
survey, clearance, accreditation, mine risk education, and victim
assistance;
establishment of mine action information systems for priority setting,
tasking and reporting;
launching of mine survey and clearance operations through the use of manual,
mine detection dogs and mechanical systems in mine-affected areas; and
strengthening of medical treatment, rehabilitation and vocational services
for mine victims.
UNOPS Clients / Programmes
UNOPS has managed mine action projects for various UN agencies since the
early 1990s. The Mine Action Unit delivered a range of management and
procurement services that have grown from about $25 million in 1999 to roughly
$127 million in 2003.
UNOPS’ major clients are UNMAS, UNDP and UNOIP. UNOPS’
involvement varies, depending on the country and the project, from assuming full
operational responsibility for an entire programme (e.g., Kosovo and Northern
Iraq) to responsibility for all UN support to a national programme; while in
some cases UNOPS may be hired to manage only a single component, such as
procuring specialized equipment or identifying and hiring international
technical expertise in mine action. The programmes, referred below, are
described in more detail in the country update sections of this Report.
UNMAS is the focal point for mine action within the UN system, and is
responsible for coordinating all mine-related work funded by eleven UN
departments and agencies, and for launching emergency mine action activities
such as in Iraq, or when natural disasters severely impact on a country’s
mine problem as in the floods in Central America and Mozambique. Over the past
few years, UNOPS has worked with UNMAS by providing the management services to
implement programmes in Afghanistan, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia,
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea-Ethiopia Temporary Security Zone,
South Lebanon, Kosovo, Macedonia, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Sudan, and Yemen and on
global projects such as the Land Mine Safety Handbook, the development of User
Requirements for Mine Action Information Management Systems and the extension of
Quality Assurance Monitoring activities to Landmine Impact Surveys in Cambodia,
Thailand, Mozambique, Somalia, Eritrea, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Lebanon and
Azerbaijan. Key activities over the past year included: significant expansion of
the programmes in Afghanistan and Sudan, development of a UN Mine Action Rapid
Response Plan, deployment of rapid response capacities in central and southern
Iraq, and handover of the Northern Iraq UNOIP Mine Action Programme.
UNDP is generally responsible for mine action projects in stable development
contexts, which typically focus on strengthening national institutional capacity
to enable mine-affected countries to manage mine action programmes on their own.
Over the past years, UNOPS provided project management services to support
implementation of UNDP programmes in Angola, Azerbaijan, Bosnia &
Herzegovina, Cambodia, Chad, Croatia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea Bissau,
Mozambique, Somalia, Sri Lanka, and Yemen, as well as implementing the UNA-USA
“Adopt-a Minefield” programme and several landmine impact
surveys.
UNOIP managed the "Oil for Food Programme" established under Security Council
Resolution 986. Since 1997, UNOPS managed the integrated Mine Action Programme
(MAP) in Northern Iraq on behalf of UNOIP. Under this programme more than 12.2
million m2 of high priority landmine/UXO contaminated land was
cleared. During these clearances, MAP identified and destroyed over 79,000 UXO,
2,500 cluster bomblets, 11,000 anti-personnel mines and 560 anti-tank mines.
More than 7.9 million m2 of cleared land was handed over to the local
population for productive use and a further 24 million m2 of
contaminated land was marked. The programme also provided MRE to more than
290,000 people and 380,813 treatment and rehabilitation services to mine/war
victims through a network of two hospitals, 8 clinics and 20 First-Aid posts.
Through a combination of marking, clearance and MRE, the landmine/UXO victim
incidence rate fell by over 50% between 1999 and end of 2002. MAP focused on
growth via national capacity development in order to address the landmine/UXO
contamination problem and provide long-term sustainability. This involved
establishing four local manual demining NGOs, two MRE NGOs, three local
Mechanical contractors and development of a local capacity to plan and manage
the full spectrum of mine action activities. This was a major achievement, as
the original MAP mandate was emergency relief oriented. Transfer of all manual
teams took place by mid-2003 and all dog teams were planned to be transferred by
October 2003. The MRE and MVA components were already entirely managed by
nationals since 2002.
During the 2003 war in Iraq, the UN Oil for Food Programme (including the
MAP) was required to suspend all activities and to withdraw all international
personnel from the country; nonetheless, the national personnel assured the
security of the programme assets and implementation of an emergency programme
where the mine action NGOs continued mine risk education, victim assistance, EOD
activities and permanent marking of minefields. Security Council Resolution 1483
of 22 May 2003 directed that UN activities in Iraq be handed over to the
“Coalition Provisional Authority” (CPA) by 21 November 2003.
UNOPS-MAP developed and implemented an exit strategy that included accomplishing
as much of the annual work plan as possible before November 2003, conducting a
complete inventory of programme assets, and assisting the CPA to prepare for
assumption of mine action activities on 21 November.
Other UNOPS Activities
UNOPS is actively involved in the United Nations and the international mine
action community efforts to develop the information, tools, and systems to
increase the effectiveness of humanitarian mine action, and is an active member
of the Interagency Coordination Group on Mine Action. UNOPS participates in the
development and application of the International Mine Action Standards, in the
discussion of the specification and use of appropriate indicators for priority
setting to increase the impact and efficiency of mine action activities, and in
the further development of the IMSMA database to enable its use for the full
range of operational and information management needs of mine action programmes.
UNOPS seeks to ensure that international and national staff involved in the
daily management and support to programmes take part in all such discussions.
UNOPS actively encourages exchange of information among programmes, with
attention to lessons learned and best practices, and has developed
administrative support systems and startup kits including model documents and
guidelines that enable new programmes to benefit from the experience
accumulating in the field.