Key developments since May 2004: Algeria destroyed 144,020 stockpiled
antipersonnel mines between November 2004 and May 2005. It plans to complete
the destruction of its stockpile in November 2005. Algeria hosted an
international seminar on the implementation of the Mine Ban Treaty in Algiers in
May 2005. In December 2004, Algeria became co-chair of the Standing Committee
on Mine Clearance, Mine Risk Education and Mine Action Technologies. In
September 2004, the Interministerial Committee for the Implementation of the
Mine Ban Treaty became operational. The Committee drafted a mine action plan
for the period 2005 to 2009; as of September 2005, it had not been adopted by
the government. On 27 November 2004, Algeria re-launched its demining program
on the eastern and western borders; 137,395 antipersonnel mines were cleared
between November 2004 and July 2005.
Mine Ban Policy
The People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria signed the Mine Ban Treaty
on 3 December 1997, ratified it on 9 October 2001, and the treaty entered into
force on 1 April 2002.
Algeria has not adopted any new national legal measures to implement the
Mine Ban Treaty, as it considers existing law sufficient, including its penal
law. It cites Law Number 97-06 on war material, arms, and munitions (enacted on
21 January 1997) and Executive Order Number 98-96 (18 March 1998) implementing
Law 97-06 as relevant legal
measures.[1 ]
Algeria established an interministerial committee to oversee national
implementation of the Mine Ban Treaty on 8 May
2003.[2 ]The first meeting of the
committee was held on 5 September 2004, and three other meetings were held by
the end of May 2005.[3 ]
As of September 2005 Algeria had not submitted its annual updated Article 7
transparency report, which was due by 30 April
2005.[4 ]
Algeria attended the First Review Conference of the Mine Ban Treaty in
Nairobi in November-December 2004 with a delegation led by Amine Kherbi, Special
Counselor to the President. Algeria made several interventions on the
conference documents, in addition to its statement during the high level
segment.
At the First Review Conference, Algeria became co-chair of the Standing
Committee on Mine Clearance, Mine Risk Education and Mine Action Technologies.
At the June 2005 intersessional meetings in Geneva, Algeria made interventions
on its mine clearance and stockpile destruction programs.
Algeria has not engaged in the extensive discussions that States Parties
have had on matters of interpretation and implementation related to Articles 1
and 2. Thus, it has not made known its views on the issues of joint military
operations with non-States Parties, foreign stockpiling and transit of
antipersonnel mines, and antivehicle mines with sensitive fuzes or antihandling
devices. The chair of the interministerial committee told Landmine Monitor that
the committee will develop national understandings on matters of interpretation
surrounding these Articles.[5]
Algeria hosted a symposium on the implementation of the Mine Ban Treaty in
Algiers on 8-9 May 2005. It was carried out under the patronage of the
President of the Republic and with support from the government of Canada. There
were more than 200 participants, including representatives of different
ministries, diplomatic missions, the UN Development Programme (UNDP),
International Committee of the Red Cross, Mines Advisory Group, ICBL, other NGOs
and the national media. The symposium adopted the Algeria Call, which called on
all non-States Parties to join the Mine Ban Treaty, participate in mine ban
efforts, and halt production of the weapon. It called on all States Parties to
take the necessary measures to clear mined areas, establish mine risk education
programs, provide victim assistance, and complete stockpile destruction within
the treaty’s deadline. The Algeria Call also saluted the role of civil
society in eliminating antipersonnel
mines.[6]
Algeria also issued a document, “Implementation of the Nairobi Plan of
Action in Algeria: the Algerian Strategy,” in which, among other things,
Algeria pledged to actively promote accession to the Mine Ban Treaty among all
the bilateral and multilateral decision-making bodies, and set the goal of
completing stockpile destruction before the Sixth Meeting of States Parties in
Croatia from 28 November–2 December
2005.[7]
Algeria is not party to the Convention on Conventional Weapons.
Production, Transfer and Use
Algeria is not known to have ever produced or exported antipersonnel mines.
It imported antipersonnel mines from China, the former Soviet Union and the
former Yugoslavia.[8 ]
In May 2005, a Ministry of Defense official acknowledged that government
forces used mines to protect important locations against terrorists during the
1990s; this was the first such acknowledgement of which Landmine Monitor is
aware.[9 ]Previously, the
government had only reported that landmines were used before 1962 by the
“colonial army” along its
borders.[10 ]
Algeria has from time to time accused insurgents or “terrorist
groups” of planting homemade mines (improvised explosive devices, IEDs)
against the government.[11 ]Landmine Monitor has not received any specific reports of use of
antipersonnel mines by insurgents since July
2003.[12 ]However, Algerian media
reported incidents involving IEDs in February and June 2004. In February, at
Lakhdaria, 70 kilometers southeast of Algiers, an IED reportedly made of
landmines exploded on a track used by engineers to go to
work.[13 ]In June 2004, in the Dass
valley in Bejaïa governorate, a landmine exploded under an army vehicle,
leading to a gunfight between army personnel and
insurgents.[14 ]Both incidents
resulted in casualties (see Landmine/UXO Casualties later).
In May 2005, a Ministry of Interior official said that “terrorist
groups” had planted approximately 33,000 homemade mines in the
1990s.[15]
Stockpiling and Destruction
In May 2003, Algeria declared a stockpile of 165,080 antipersonnel mines of
11 types.[16 ]Algeria’s
treaty-mandated deadline for stockpile destruction is 1 April 2006. Officials
have stated that Algeria would complete its stockpile destruction in November
2005, prior to the Sixth Meeting of States
Parties.[17 ]
At the Standing Committee meetings in June 2005, Algeria announced that it
had destroyed 144,020 antipersonnel mines between 24 November 2004 and 24 May
2005 in nine destruction events.[18 ]The events were witnessed by the interministerial committee and other
governmental officials, diplomatic missions, representatives of the UN, NGOs and
the media. Landmine Monitor attended the events on 24 November 2004 and 10 May
2005. Most of the mines were destroyed by open burning and open detonation
techniques at military ranges. Stake-mounted fragmentation mines (PMR-2A,
POMZ-2) were disassembled and the metal bodies
crushed.[19 ]
From its stockpile of 165,080 antipersonnel mines, Algeria has declared that
it will retain 15,030 mines for training purposes, the second highest number of
any State Party.[20 ]The number
has not changed since Algeria first declared it in May 2003, indicating no mines
are being consumed during training activities. In June 2005, Algerian officials
told the ICBL that the completion of stockpile destruction in November 2005
could be an opportunity to re-assess the number of mines
retained.[21 ]
Algerian officials have said that the retained mines are being used by both
military and police forces, and that they prefer to train deminers with live
mines.[22 ]Algeria has not yet
reported in any detail on the intended purposes and actual uses of its retained
mines—a step agreed to by States Parties in the Nairobi Action Plan
(Action #54) that emerged from the First Review
Conference.[23 ]In Nairobi, Algeria
complained that Action #54 constituted a “new obligation” for States
Parties.[24]
Landmine and UXO Problem
Algeria’s mine contamination stems from World War II, the conflict to
end French colonial occupation, and the insurgency of the
1990s.[25 ]The government has
estimated that 3,064,180 mines still contaminate 56.76 square kilometers along
1,049 kilometers of the Morice and Challe lines, on the eastern border area with
Tunisia and on the western border area with
Morocco.[26 ]In addition, insurgent
groups laid 33,000 homemade mines in the north of the
country.[27 ]
Algeria informed States Parties to the Mine Ban Treaty that “all
mine-affected areas have been
marked.”[28 ]Areas along the
Challe and Morice lines contain fences that were used by the French colonial
army to prevent nationalists from crossing the border and are considered by
Algeria to indicate dangerous areas.[29 ]However, Algeria does not believe that the fences are in accordance with
international standards on marking and fencing of mine-affected areas; some
fencing may have been removed. Other contaminated areas, in particular those
resulting from World War II or which have been mined by terrorist groups, are
not marked or fenced.[30 ]
In June 2005, Algeria reported that mapping of mined areas had previously
been conducted, and that it had attached the results―a map of
contamination as of 15 January 2003―to its Article 7 report submitted in
2003.[31 ]The Article 7 report
submitted on 11 May 2004 did not include any reference to areas containing
antipersonnel mines.[32]
Mine Action Program
On 1 May 2003, in its first Article 7 report, Algeria stated that a
“long-term” demining program was being developed. A week later, on
8 May 2003, Algeria set up an Interministerial Committee on the Implementation
of the Mine Ban Treaty to oversee its compliance with the treaty; the committee
started functioning in September 2004. It consists of representatives from the
ministries of national defense, interior, foreign affairs, health, veterans,
communications and national solidarity. The committee is chaired by a Ministry
of Defense representative and has an Executive Secretary. The committee reports
to the Chef du Gouvernement and meets every six months, or upon request by a
committee member. The committee does not have an independent
budget.[33 ]
The committee conducted a visit to mined areas in the east and west of the
country in October 2004. Following that visit, the committee sent a report to
the Chef du Gouvernement with proposals to start clearance of areas where
incidents happened over the last two years and to “re-demine”
suspected areas. The committee was concerned that clearance operations carried
out from 1963 to 1988 may not have been conducted to humanitarian
standards.[34 ]
The committee developed three strategic objectives: continuing clearance of
mines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) on the east and west borders, clearing mines
planted by terrorists, and clearing mines planted by Algeria in key areas such
as gas and power stations during the 1990s
insurgency.[35 ]The committee
insisted on the need to learn from experts in international organizations and
NGOs about mine action, and how to implement the Nairobi Action
Plan.[36 ]
UNDP offered to assist if requested. As of September 2005, a cooperation
plan was being studied by the government; the plan provides for the creation of
a national mine action center with a Chief Technical Advisor, development of a
strategic plan for mine action, and the reinforcement of the interministerial
committee.[37 ]The executive
secretary of the interministerial committee participated in the senior
management course for mine action training at the James Madison University in
June 2005.[38 ]
Mine and UXO Clearance
Algeria’s treaty deadline for destroying all antipersonnel mines in
mined areas under its jurisdiction or control is 30 March 2012.
Following independence in 1963 and through 1988, Algeria destroyed 7,819,120
mines and cleared 500 square kilometers on the eastern and western borders, said
to represent 58 percent of all mined areas in Algeria at that
time.[39 ]In addition, the
authorities reported the clearance during the 1990s of some 20,000 of the 33,000
mines planted by terrorist
groups.[40 ]
Algeria resumed mine clearance operations on 27 November 2004. It reported
that, as part of its obligations under Article 5 of the treaty, the Army cleared
and destroyed 76,978 antipersonnel mines between 27 November 2004 and 19 April
2005.[41 ]By July 2005, some
137,395 antipersonnel mines had been
destroyed.[42 ]
Landmine/UXO Casualties
According to the executive secretary of the interministerial committee,
there were new mine casualties in Algeria in 2004 and 2005; however, no details
were provided.[43]Landmine
Monitor received information on three mine incidents reported in local
media. In November 2004, a farmer was killed in a landmine incident in
Boumerdes region, and in December, in two separate landmine incidents in Tiaret
and Tissemsilt, one child and one military person were
killed.[44]In comparison, in
2003 two soldiers were killed after stepping on landmines near Timgad in the
district of Batna.[45 ]
There is no official or comprehensive mechanism to collect information on
landmine casualties in Algeria. The Ministry of War Veterans has a
database on military mine casualties, but this information was not made
available to Landmine Monitor.
Landmine casualties continued to be reported in local media in 2005. In
May, a child and his father were injured by a landmine in the Tebessa region,
near the eastern border.[46]
UXO caused casualties in 2004 and 2005. The Ministry of Labor and National
Solidarity reported that one child was killed, and his mother and brother were
injured, in a UXO incident in 2004 in El-Harrach, a suburb of
Algiers.[47 ]In May 2004, a farmer
was killed and two others were injured in a UXO explosion in Saida region. In
January 2005, three women were killed and five others injured when a bomb buried
in the ground exploded in Blida
region.[48]
The Algerian and international media have reported incidents involving
improvised explosive devices (IEDs), mainly targeted at police and military but
sometimes injuring civilians. In February 2004, two French civil engineers were
involved in an attack, which injured the policeman accompanying them, in
Lakhdaria, 70 kilometers southeast of Algiers. The IED was reportedly made of
landmines and buried on the track the engineers used to go to
work.[49 ]In June 2004, at least 13
soldiers were killed and 35 other people, civilians and soldiers, were injured
when a landmine exploded under an army vehicle and in the subsequent gunfight in
the Dass valley in Bejaïa
governorate.[50 ]
On 7 May 2004, an Algerian working for a Polish television crew was killed
together with another crew member when their vehicle hit a landmine in
Iraq.[51]
The total number of mine casualties in Algeria is not known. Between
September 1998 and the end of 2003, Landmine Monitor recorded at least 59
landmine casualties, including 20 people killed and 39 injured. The majority of
reported incidents involve military
personnel.[52 ]There are reportedly
7,000 registered landmine and UXO casualties, more than 500 widows and more than
950 descendants of mine casualties that receive
support.[53 ]
Survivor Assistance and Disability Policy and Practice
In May 2005, the Algerian government reaffirmed its commitment to assistance
to mine and UXO survivors, and recognized its “obligation to provide
services, re-education and reintegration for mine survivors, where and how many
they may be, [and to] continue its efforts to improve their quality of life and
to guarantee its efforts.” This will be achieved by improving data
collection, medical care, rehabilitation, psychosocial and reintegration
services, the legislative framework, awareness raising, and reinforcing
relations with and between all the
stakeholders.[54]
Civilians have free access to government hospitals and medical centers.
Social and economic reintegration is part of the government’s general
social action program for all persons with
disabilities.[55 ]However, there is
a need to train doctors and modernize prosthetic centers. The interministerial
committee carried out a needs assessment on mine action, which included survivor
assistance. The assessment is intended to lead to a national plan under which
survivor assistance is the responsibility of the Ministry of Health, Population
and Hospital Reform, the Ministry of Labor and National Solidarity (MoLNS), and
the Ministry of Mujahideen.[56]
In February 2004, in an agreement between the MoLNS and the French Secretary
of State, the National Algerian Office for Equipment and Accessories for
Disabled People (Office Nationale d’Appareillages et d’Accessoires
pour Personnes handicapées, ONAAPH) resumed treatment and the provision
of artificial limbs and mobility devices to disabled veterans and war victims,
at Ben Aknoun hospital in Algiers. This service, previously through the
Ministry of Defense, had been suspended in 1994. ONAAPH has regional branches
in Tizi-Ouzou, Blida, Biskra, Touggourt, production centers in Bejaïa and
Medea, and satellite centers in 12 other
cities.[57 ]
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) supports the prosthetic
workshop at the Ben Aknoun hospital with technical and financial support
primarily to provide access to physical rehabilitation for Saharawi amputees,
and Algerians not covered by health insurance. In 2004, the workshop assisted
more than 80 people with rehabilitation services, and provided 38 prostheses and
43 orthoses; no mine survivors were
reported.[58 ]
Handicap International (HI) supports organizations of persons with
disabilities, including the Federation of Organizations of the Physically
Disabled (Fédération des Associations des Handicapés
Moteurs), public hospitals and government agencies in developing and improving
social and care services, through the creation of networks to promote the
autonomy and inclusion of disabled people. In 2004–2005, HI trained about
30 people, including executive staff of organizations for disabled people,
physiotherapists and social workers, and equipped three physical rehabilitation
units in Boumerdes governorate. HI is partly funded by the French Ministry of
Foreign Affairs and the European
Commission.[59]
The Algerian Red Crescent provides material and financial assistance to
people with disabilities and organizes awareness raising
events.[60]
The French NGO Triangle provides assistance to people with disabilities in
the Dakhla refugee camp for Saharawi people. Services include several community
and welcome centers, awareness-raising and
education.[61]
Algeria has legislation to protect the rights of persons with
disabilities.[62 ]There are two
funds which provide pensions for landmine survivors and other people with a
disability; a fund for victims of colonialism under the Ministry of Mujahideen,
and a fund for victims of terrorism under the Ministry of Interior. The budget
for persons with disabilities represents one third of the total budget of
MoLNS.[63 ]
The National Council for Disabled Persons has reportedly never met since it
was first created in 1983. The Ministry of Education and Vocational Training
has a sub-department for “special
categories.”[64]
The First International Symposium on the Implementation of the Mine Ban
Treaty had a substantial survivor assistance component with interventions by
ICRC, Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining, and Handicap
International.[65 ]
On 14 March 2005, the national day for people with disabilities in Algeria,
the postal services issued special stamps to raise awareness about disability
issues in 2005.[66]
[1 ]Article 7 Report, paras. 1.1
and 1.2, 1 May 2003.
[2 ]Presidential Decree No. 03-211
of 8 May 2003, as cited in Article 7 Report, 11 May 2004.
[3 ]Interview with Col.
Hacène Gherabi, Ministry of Defense, Chairman, Interministerial Committee
for the Implementation of the Mine Ban Treaty, Algiers, 9 May 2005.
[4 ]Algeria submitted its initial
Article 7 report, due September 2002, on 1 May 2003, covering an unspecified
period. Algeria submitted its second Article 7 on 11 May 2004, covering an
unspecified period. The report is a single page, addressing two points: the
presidential decree for an Interministerial Committee and the anticipated
initiation of stockpile destruction.
[5]Interview with Col.
Hacène Gherabi, Interministerial Committee, Algiers, 9 May 2005.
[6]“Algeria Call”
document, First International Symposium on the Implementation of the Mine Ban
Treaty, Algiers, 9 May 2005.
[7]“Implementation of the
Nairobi Plan of Action in Algeria: the Algerian Strategy,” 9 May 2005.
[8 ]Article 7 Report, para. 2, 1
May 2003.
[9 ]Interview with Col.
Hacène Gherabi, Interministerial Committee, Algiers, 9 May 2005.
[10 ]Article 7 Report, para. 3, 1
May 2003.
[11 ]Interview with Col.
Hacène Gherabi, Interministerial Committee, Geneva, 11 February 2004.
See Landmine Monitor Report 2003, p. 74.
[12 ]Two soldiers died after
stepping on landmines near Timgad, in the district of Batna, and authorities
blamed the Groupe Salafiste pour la Predication et le Combat. “Terrorists
kill six in Batna,” PANA (Algiers), 9 July 2003. The US State
Department reported that during 2002, “In rural areas, terrorists
continued to plant bombs and mines, which often targeted security force
personnel.” US Department of State, “Country Reports on Human
Rights Practices – 2002: Algeria,” 31 March 2003.
[13 ]“Algeria: Seven
soldiers killed and two Frenchmen involved in attacks with bombs,”
al-Hayat (Algiers), 13 February 2004; “Sept gendarmes tués
en Algérie,” Journal l’Alsace, 13 February 2004;
Algeria Watch, www.algeria-watch.de,
accessed 25 August 2005.
[14 ]“Algeria: 13 soldiers
killed and 35 others killed in an attack by the Salafist group,”
al-Hayat (Algiers), 4 June 2004.
[15]Seddik Bouallal, Ministry of
Interior, Interministerial Committee for the Implementation of the Mine Ban
Treaty, presentation on “Victims of terrorist action,” First
International Symposium on the Implementation of the Mine Ban Treaty, Algiers, 8
May 2005.
[16 ]Article 7 Report, para. 2, 1
May 2003. The stockpile consisted of the following types and quantities:
71,000 POMZ-2/POMZ-2M (USSR); 43,000 PMD-6 (USSR); 15,832 PMR-2A (Yugoslavia);
9,000 GLD-115 (China); 7,812 PMA-1 (Yugoslavia); 7,800 PMD-6M (USSR); 4,500
PROM-1 (Yugoslavia); 3,000 GLD-225 (China); 2,359 PMN (USSR); 777 OZM
(USSR).
[17 ]Interview with Col.
Hacène Gherabi, Interministerial Committee, Algiers, 9 May 2005; ICBL
meeting with the Algerian delegation to the Mine Ban Treaty intersessional
meetings, Geneva, 17 June 2005.
[18 ]Presentation by Col.
Hacène Gherabi, Interministerial Committee, Standing Committee on
Stockpile Destruction, Geneva, 15 June 2005. The mines destroyed included:
3,030 on 24 November 2004; 34,140 on 28 March 2005; 19,562 on 29 March 2005;
14,085 on 18 April 2005; 22,644 on 19 April 2005; 24,000 on 10 May 2005; 24,000
on 11 May 2005; 1,559 on 23 May 2005; 1,000 on 24 May 2005.
[19 ]Presentation by Col.
Hacène Gherabi, Interministerial Committee, Standing Committee on
Stockpile Destruction, Geneva, 15 June 2005.
[20 ]Article 7 Report, para. 4, 1
May 2003. The retained mines are: 5,760 GLD-115; 3,000 PMD-6M; 2,400 GLD-225;
1,000 POMZ-2/POMZ-2M; 800 PMN; 610 PMA-1; 600 PMD-6; 500 OZM; 220 PROM-1; 140
PMR-2A.
[21 ]ICBL meeting with the
Algerian delegation to the Mine Ban Treaty intersessional meetings, Geneva, 17
June 2005.
[22 ]ICBL meeting with the
Algerian delegation to the Mine Ban Treaty intersessional meetings, Geneva, 17
June 2005.
[23 ]Action #54 states:
“All States Parties will...provide information on the plans requiring the
retention of mines...and report on the actual use of retained mines and the
results of such use.” Final Report of the First Review Conference,
APLC/CONF/2004/5, 9 February 2005, p. 103.
[24]Oral remarks by the Algerian
delegation, First Review Conference, Nairobi, 1 December 2004 (notes taken by
Human Rights Watch).
[25 ]Statement by Algeria,
Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Mine Risk Education and Mine Action
Technologies, Geneva, 14 June 2005.
[26 ]For more details, see
Article 7 Report, para. 3, 1 May 2003.
[27 ]Seddik Bouallal,
Interministerial Committee, presentation on “Victims of terrorist
action,” First International Symposium on the Implementation of the Mine
Ban Treaty, Algiers, 8 May 2005; see Landmine Monitor Report 2004, pp.
115-116.
[28 ]Final Report of the First
Review Conference, APLC/CONF/2004/5, 9 February 2005, p. 51.
[29 ]Interview with
Mohammed-Messaoud Adimi, Executive Secretary, Interministerial Committee of the
Mine Ban Treaty, First International Symposium on the Implementation of the Mine
Ban Treaty, Algiers, 9 May 2005.
[30 ]Interview with
Mohammed-Messaoud Adimi, Interministerial Committee, First International
Symposium on the Implementation of the Mine Ban Treaty, Algiers, 9 May 2005.
[31 ]Statement by Algeria,
Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Mine Risk Education and Mine Action
Technologies, Geneva, 14 June 2005; Article 7 Report, para. 3, 1 May 2003.
[32]Article 7 Report, 11 May
2004. This report is a single page.
[33 ]Interview with
Mohammed-Messaoud Adimi, Interministerial Committee, First International
Symposium on the Implementation of the Mine Ban Treaty, Algiers, 9 May 2005.
[34 ]Interview with
Mohammed-Messaoud Adimi, Interministerial Committee, First International
Symposium on the Implementation of the Mine Ban Treaty, Algiers, 9 May 2005.
[35 ]Statement by Algeria,
Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Mine Risk Education and Mine Action
Technologies, Geneva, 14 June 2005; interview with Mohammed-Messaoud Adimi,
Interministerial Committee, Geneva, 20 September 2005.
[36 ]Statement by
Mohammed-Messaoud Adimi, Interministerial Committee, First International
Symposium on the Implementation of the Mine Ban Treaty, Algiers, 9 May 2005.
[37 ]Mohammad Younus, UNDP Mine
Action Advisor, presentation on “The UN role in Mine Action,” First
International Symposium on the Implementation of the Mine Ban Treaty, Algiers, 8
May 2005; interview with Mohammed-Messaoud Adimi, Interministerial Committee,
Geneva, 20 September 2005.
[38 ]Telephone interview with
Mohammad Younus, UNDP Mine Action Advisor, 29 July 2005.
[39 ]Statement by Algeria,
Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Mine Risk Education and Mine Action
Technologies, Geneva, 14 June 2005; Final Report of the First Review Conference,
APLC/CONF/2004/5, 9 February 2005, p. 51.
[40 ]Seddik Bouallal,
Interministerial Committee, presentation on “Victims of terrorist
action,” First International Symposium on the Implementation of the Mine
Ban Treaty, Algiers, 8 May 2005.
[41 ]Statement by Algeria,
Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Mine Risk Education and Mine Action
Technologies, Geneva, 14 June 2005.
[42 ]Algeria presentation, UN
Mine Action Service (UNMAS) 8th International Meeting of National Mine Action
Directors and UN Advisors, Geneva, 19 September 2005.
[43]Letter to Handicap
International Algeria from Mohammed-Messaoud Adimi, Interministerial Committee,
21 September 2005, faxed to Landmine Monitor (HI) by Gaëtan de Beaupuis,
Field Program Director, HI, Algiers, 21 September 2005.
[44]Response to Landmine Monitor
Questionnaire by Gaëtan de Beaupuis, HI, Algiers, 30 August 2005.
[45 ]“Terrorists kill six
in Batna,” PANA (Algiers), 9 July 2003.
[46]Response to Landmine Monitor
Questionnaire by Gaëtan de Beaupuis, HI Algiers, 30 August 2005.
[47 ]Abdallah Bouchenak,
Director-General for National Solidarity, Ministry of Labor and National
Solidarity, First International Symposium on the Implementation of the Mine Ban
Treaty, Algiers, 9 May 2005.
[48]Response to Landmine Monitor
Questionnaire by Gaëtan de Beaupuis, Field Program Director, HI, Algiers,
30 August 2005.
[49 ]“Algeria: Seven
soldiers killed and two Frenchmen involved in attacks with bombs,”
al-Hayat (Algiers), 13 February 2004; “Sept gendarmes tués
en Algérie,” Journal l’Alsace, 13 February 2004;
Algeria Watch, www.algeria-watch.de,
accessed 25 August 2005.
[50 ]“Algeria: 13 soldiers
killed and 35 others killed in an attack by the Salafist group,”
al-Hayat (Algiers), 4 June 2004.
[51]“TV crew members
killed by land mine in Iraq – Polish official,” Polish Radio
1, 7 May 2004.
[52 ]For more information, see
Landmine Monitor Report 2004, pp. 116-117.
[53 ]A. Benchabane, “Les
mines antipersonnel tuent en Algérie,” Al-Watan, 10 May
2005.
[54]“Implementation of the
Nairobi Plan of Action in Algeria: the Algerian Strategy,” 9 May 2005;
“Algeria Call” Document, First International Symposium on the
Implementation of the Mine Ban Treaty, Algiers, 9 May 2005.
[55 ]See Landmine Monitor
Report 2004, p. 117.
[56]Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Mohammed Belaoura, Deputy Director, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Geneva, 15 June 2005.
[57 ]French Embassy in Algeria,
“Service de l’appareillage des anciens combattants,” www.ambafrance-dz.org, accessed 25
August 2005; see also ONAAPH, www.onaaph.dz,
accessed 25 August 2005.
[58 ]ICRC Physical Rehabilitation
Program, “Annual Report 2004,” Geneva, July 2005, pp. 37, 44. The
statistics for 2004 are incomplete.
[59]Response to Landmine Monitor
Questionnaire by Gaëtan de Beaupuis, HI, Algiers, 30 August 2005; HI,
“Program Summary: Algeria,” for the year 2005, sent to Landmine
Monitor (HI) by Philippe Villeval, Resources and Documentation Department, HI,
Lyon, 26 August 2005; see also Landmine Monitor Report 2004, p. 117.
[60]International Federation the
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, “Croissant-Rouge algérien
(partnerships in profile),” www.ifrc.org.
[61]See Triangle Generation
Humanitaire website, www.trianglegh.org.
[62 ]For more information, see
Landmine Monitor Report 2004, p. 117.
[63 ]Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Mohammed Belaoura, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Geneva, 15 June
2005.
[64]Email to Landmine Monitor
(HI) from Gaëtan de Beaupuis, HI Algiers, 30 August 2005.
[65 ]First International
Symposium on the Implementation of the Mine Ban Treaty, Algiers, 9 May 2005.
[66]“Journée
Nationale des Personnes Handicapées,” www.poste.dz.
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