Key developments since May 2004: Yemen enacted legislation to
implement the Mine Ban Treaty in April 2005. In June 2004, the government
reportedly accused a militant group of using antipersonnel landmines in clashes
with troops. A revised National Mine Action Strategic Plan was released in June
2004, covering the period 2004-2009. As of June 2005, clearance had been
completed in 10 of 14 communities highly affected by mines and unexploded
ordnance, and 53 of the 86 medium-impact communities. Aden and Hodeidah
governorates were declared free of mines. In 2004, 464 antipersonnel mines, 203
antivehicle mines and 10,594 UXO were cleared from 2.7 square kilometers of
land. Technical survey was conducted on 69 square kilometers of suspected land.
An independent evaluation concluded that the Yemen mine action program shows
“a depth of maturity comparable to the best mine action programs in the
world.” At the First Review Conference, Yemen was identified as one of 24
States Parties with the greatest needs and responsibility to provide adequate
survivor assistance. As part of its commitment to the Nairobi Action Plan,
Yemen has set its objectives for 2005 to 2009 to address the needs of mine
survivors. In September 2004, the Yemen Association for Landmine and UXO
Survivors was launched.
Mine Ban Policy
The Republic of Yemen signed the Mine Ban Treaty on 4 December 1997, ratified
on 1 September 1998, and became a State Party on 1 March 1999. On 16 December
2004, the Yemeni Parliament passed national implementation legislation for the
treaty, and on 20 April 2005, Presidential Law No. 25 was issued to bring the
legislation into force.[1] The media
reported in February 2005 that President Ali Abdallah Salih had criticized the
draft law because it lacked penal sanctions for
violations.[2]
Yemen submitted its seventh Article 7 transparency measures report on 7 April
2005, covering the period from 30 March 2004 to 30 March
2005.[3]
Minister of State Kasim Ahmed Al-Ajam, Chairman of the National Mine Action
Committee, led Yemen’s delegation to the First Review Conference in
Nairobi in November-December 2004. Yemen did not make a statement to the high
level segment. At the intersessional meetings in Geneva in June 2005, Yemen
made presentations on mine clearance and victim assistance to the Standing
Committees. It did not report on its new legislation.
Yemen has not engaged in the extensive discussions that States Parties have
had on matters of interpretation and implementation related to Articles 1, 2 and
3. Thus, Yemen has not made known its views on issues related to joint military
operations with non-States Parties, foreign stockpiling or transit of
antipersonnel mines, antivehicle mines with sensitive fuzes or antihandling
devices, and the permissible number of mines retained for training.
Yemen is not party to the Convention on Conventional Weapons or any of its
protocols.
On 3 November 2004, Yemen attended the inaugural meeting in New York of the
Forum of Mine-Affected Countries (FOMAC), a group of high level representatives
from mine-affected countries. FOMAC was formed to encourage cooperation
between mine-affected
countries.[4]
Production, Transfer, Use and Stockpiling
Yemen has stated that it has never produced or exported antipersonnel
mines.[5] The last reported use of
mines by government forces was in 1994. In June 2004, it was reported that an
Interior Ministry official accused an armed militant group of Hussein Badr Eddin
Al-Huthi of allegedly using landmines in clashes with Yemeni troops. A number
of landmines were reportedly recovered by Yemeni forces from the group’s
hideouts in Sa’ada, near the border with Saudi
Arabia.[6] The group was alleged to
stockpile a “huge quantity” of antipersonnel
mines.[7] Landmine Monitor is unaware
of any further reports of use of antipersonnel mines since June 2004.
Yemen completed destruction of its stockpile of 74,000 antipersonnel mines on
27 April 2002. In November 2000, Yemen announced its intention to retain 4,000
antipersonnel mines for training and research purposes, and each Article 7
report has recorded that number
unchanged.[8] Yemen has also reported
each year since 2003 that it used 240 of the retained mines for the training of
mine detecting dogs.[9] Yemen has
not yet reported in any detail on the intended purposes and actual uses of its
retained mines—a step agreed to by States Parties in the Nairobi Action
Plan that emerged from the First Review Conference.
Landmine and UXO Problem
Yemen is contaminated with mines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) as a result of
several conflicts, including the 1962-1975 war in the north between republicans
and royalists, the 1963-1967 war of independence in the south, the 1970-1983 war
against left-wing guerrillas, and the 1994 separatist war. The majority of
mines were laid in border areas between north and south Yemen and in the
southern governorates.[10]
A total of 592 villages in 19 of the country’s 20 governorates are
mine/UXO-affected, according to the Landmine Impact Survey (LIS) conducted in
2000. The LIS identified 1,078 mined areas covering a surface area of 923
square kilometers, mainly in the center and south of the
country.[11] Approximately 828,000
Yemenis (16 percent of the population) were affected. Most mine/UXO incidents
occur in the governorates of Ibb, Al-Dhale, Al-Baida and
Lahej.[12]
Since 2000, several new mine/UXO-affected areas have been
discovered.[13]
Mine Action Program
The National Mine Action Committee (NMAC), established in 1998, is chaired by
Minister of State Kasim Ahmed Al-Ajam and includes the deputies of nine
ministries. NMAC established the Mine Awareness Advisory Committee, the Victim
Assistance Advisory Committee and working groups to assist with planning and
evaluation of mine awareness and victim assistance
activities.[14] The Yemeni
Executive Mine Action Center (YEMAC) was set up in January 1999 to implement the
plans and policies approved by NMAC. YEMAC headquarters are in Sana’a
with regional branches in Aden and Mukalla
(Hadramawt).[15]
The Yemen mine action program has received UNDP support since 1999. The
first phase (1999-2003) was executed by the UN Office for Project Services
(UNOPS). The second phase (from October 2003) aimed to strengthen national mine
action capacity for mine action. UNOPS ended after the first phase; the UN
Development Programme (UNDP) supports YEMAC with one chief technical
advisor.[16]
Since 1999, the mine action program has trained eight mine clearance units,
seven technical survey teams, three quality assurance teams, and one monitoring
and evaluation team. Staff engaged in the program total 1,014, with a quarter
based at YEMAC headquarters and the remainder deployed in the
field.[17] Mine clearance is
undertaken by the Engineering Department of the Ministry of Defense and a
separate body, the Regional Technical Executive Unit. The eight clearance units
are each composed of 27 pairs of
deminers.[18] There are 19 mine
detection dog teams (each with two dogs and one handler). The dogs
“produce an output that is said to be many times faster than manual
clearance.”[19]
Two quality assurance teams in Aden and one in Mukalla sample 10 percent of
demined areas before handover to local authorities. There is also a YEMAC
two-person monitoring team that visits field sites once a month to check
compliance with national standards and standard operating
procedures.[20]
Drafting of national mine action standards based on International Mine Action
Standards (IMAS) was completed in February 2005; they were translated into
Arabic and standard operating procedures were developed. A technical committee
is responsible for finalizing the
standards.[21]
Yemen uses the Information Management System for Mine Action (IMSMA), which
includes the LIS results and more recent data including newly discovered
mine/UXO-affected areas (in 2002, one low- and one medium-impact community were
added), clearance results and casualty data. In 2003, one community was
upgraded from low to high impact by YEMAC after an antivehicle mine killed 11
people and injured five others, raising the number of high-impact communities to
15. However, the upgrade was not recorded in the IMSMA system, and Yemen
continues to count 14 high-impact communities. The road was cleared in
2003.[22] Maps produced from IMSMA
have a scale of 1:100,000, which reportedly provide too poor a resolution for
safe and efficient use in mine action. GICHD recommended that these be replaced
with a countrywide set of digitized maps of higher
resolution.[23]
A YEMAC internal review in 2004 found that “the cooperation between the
IMSMA and Operation Departments is poor and needs to be improved and
strengthened. The result of this is that the reports generated are inconsistent
and not useful either for planning or for
monitoring/evaluation.”[24]
Mine action plans are drafted by YEMAC, in consultation with UNDP and NMAC.
The National Mine Action Strategic Plan for 2001-2005, based on the LIS results,
was extended in June 2004 to cover the period
2004-2009.[25] The plan “aims
to put an end to the suffering and casualties caused by anti-personnel mines and
ERW [explosive remnants of war] in all mine-affected areas by March 2009.
It strives to create a nation where people and communities can live and work in
a safe environment free from the threat of landmines and ERW, and where mine and
ERW survivors are successfully supported and reintegrated into their
communities.”[26] The goal is
that all communities classified as high and medium impact, and 27 percent of the
most critical low-impacted areas (147 square kilometers) are cleared by the
end of March 2009.[27]
To achieve this goal, Yemen will increase its technical survey capacity from
the seven teams currently in use, to 14 teams by the end of 2005, and develop a
surveillance system to update LIS data and provide feedback on cleared
communities by the end of
2006.[28]
Clearance tasks are principally small minefields, where one-third of the
clearance force cannot be deployed if safety distances are respected.
Therefore, Yemen planned to increase its technical survey capacity and
restructure its clearance units into smaller, independent platoons. It also
planned to introduce one-man/one-lane clearance procedures in 2005. The
restructuring was planned to start in 2004; however, due to a lack of funds, it
was rescheduled for 2005.[29]
Evaluation of Mine Action
In April 2005, Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining
conducted a mid-term evaluation of phase II of UNDP support to the Yemen mine
action program. The evaluation concluded that the most striking characteristic
of mine action in Yemen has been the strong support received from the highest
levels of the Yemeni government. The report observed, “that significant
progress had been achieved in mine action and that the YEMAC has an
organizational structure capable of addressing all components of a mine action
program.” It concluded that the mine action program in Yemen is showing a
“depth of maturity that is comparable to the best mine action programs in
the world.”[30]
The evaluation team highlighted a need for further staff training and
expressed a concern about the relatively large stock of munitions stored in a
residential area of Aden, awaiting explosives for destruction. The team
recommended enhancement of post-clearance community rehabilitation, through
planning and coordination in pilot assessments and pre-feasibility studies of
selected villages, culminating in the design of pilot community-based
initiatives. Post-clearance community rehabilitation could be included in
national development plans.[31]
Survey and Mine/UXO Clearance
Under Article 5 of the Mine Ban Treaty, Yemen is required to destroy all
antipersonnel mines in mined areas under its jurisdiction or control as soon as
possible, but no later than 1 March 2009. The Director of YEMAC stated in July
2005 that restructuring of clearance units into independent platoons is an
essential process in fulfilling Yemen's treaty
obligations.[32]
In 2004, technical survey teams surveyed 69,341,351 square meters of
suspected land. This included 2,593,407 square meters of minefield marking,
18,284 square meters of area-reduction, and 66,729,660 square meters declared no
longer suspect. Ninety percent of the area reduced and no longer suspect was
subsequently handed back for public use with the remaining ten percent awaiting
quality assurance.[33] From January
to April 2005, 6,411,550 square meters of land were surveyed. Technical survey
teams use mine detection dogs during their
operations.[34]
In 2004, 464 antipersonnel mines, 203 antivehicle mines and 10,594 UXO were
cleared from 2,743,437 square meters (in 2003, 2,814,300 square meters were
cleared). Aden and Hodeidah governorates were declared free of mines in
2004.[35]
In its Article 7 report of 7 April 2005, Yemen noted that the number of mines
cleared is low because demining units are reclearing to humanitarian standards
areas previously cleared by army
personnel.[36] In January to April
2005, the mine action program cleared 698,740 square meters of mined areas,
clearing 43 antipersonnel mines, one antivehicle mine and 224 UXO.
From 1999 to April 2005, more than 217 million square meters of the 923
million square meters identified by the LIS as mine/UXO contaminated have been
returned to productive use as a result of survey and clearance, and over 185,870
mines and UXO destroyed, according to
YEMAC.[37] By June 2005, 10 of the
14 high impact communities had been cleared of mines. Clearance of 53 of 86
medium-impact communities, and 47 of the 494 low-impact communities had been
completed.[38]
Work in the four remaining high-impact communities was ongoing in 2005.
However, clearance in one high-impact community (Qaradh in Al-Dhala province)
and two low-impact communities (Meresh in Ibb province and Owaidayn in Abyan
province) in the desert was suspended in 2002 and 2003. As a result of shifting
sand in some desert locations, landmines are shifting further below the surface,
in some cases up to two meters deep. High mineral levels and large numbers of
metal fragments make metal detectors
ineffective.[39] According to
YEMAC, such areas cannot be cleared with current technology and have been marked
instead. If mechanical clearance equipment to be tested in Yemen in 2005 does
not provide a means of clearing these areas, these areas will be fenced off by
the end of 2005.[40]
There were four accidents during demining operations in 2002 to 2004, two of
which occurred in 2004, resulting in one death and three serious injuries among
deminers. A board of inquiry was held in each case, which attributed the
accidents to difficult terrain in the mountainous areas of
Yemen.[41] Clearance of minefields
on the top of steep hills is reported as one of the major problems faced by
deminers in Yemen; most of the high-impact communities and places where most
casualties occur are located in the
mountains.[42]
Due to a shortage of explosives and of designated explosive demolition
stores, mines are stored when found until an explosive ordnance disposal defuzes
them. UXO found during clearance is similarly stored at the Aden mine action
branch, which has accumulated a large stock of munitions, some in a potentially
dangerous state. The GICHD evaluation team remarked on the unsafe practice of
munitions being stored in a residential area in
Aden.[43]
Mine Risk Education
The organizations involved in mine risk education (MRE) in 2004 were YEMAC
and the NGO Yemen Mine Awareness Association (YMAA).
According to YEMAC, MRE is undertaken in collaboration with provincial
authorities, based on the national plan. MRE teams seek to move to the target
governorate ahead of mine clearance teams and undertake workshops with senior
governorate staff. In addition, exhibitions are prepared which usually include
models of landmines, videos, posters and other materials. This display remains
open for several days with MRE instructors available to provide information on
safe behavior, recognition of mines and UXO, and how to report sightings of
mines and UXO and mine incidents. Upon arrival in affected communities, MRE
teams conduct specialized training, usually in mosques, schools and other public
places. At the end of the visit, a community member is appointed as a focal
point for future liaison.[44]
In 2004, YEMAC continued to provide MRE in mine-affected villages in
Sa’ada, Ibb, Al- Dhala, Taiz, Abyan and Lahej. In 108 villages and
schools in eight governorates a total of 115,449 people (56 percent women) were
reached. A total of 5,794 posters and games were
distributed.[45] From the MRE
program's start in 1997 to February 2005, 279 villages have received MRE and
452,300 people have been exposed to some form of basic MRE
message.[46]
In September 2004, following the receipt of a US$250,000 grant from the
Japanese Embassy, YMAA resumed its MRE activities after a down period of 12
months.[47] YMAA activities
targeted 44 villages in four governorates (Ibb, Al-Dhala, Lahej and Hadramawt).
By February 2005, 39 villages had been provided with
MRE.[48] YMAA submits details of
activities to YEMAC.
YMAA seeks to target influential community leaders such as Sheiks, Imams and
local councilors, and groups considered at risk, including farmers, shepherds
and children. During the reporting period, YMAA produced two newsletters
highlighting national, regional and international events, and providing mine/UXO
survivors with a voice to air their concerns. In May 2005, YMAA produced and
printed 20,000 copies of a new MRE poster concerning unsafe
behavior.[49]
Funding and Assistance
The Yemen mine action program spent $2,013,194 in 2004, comprising: 23
percent on mine detection dogs ($470,971); 20 percent on field operations
($396,869); 17.5 percent on equipment, supplies, training and capacity-building
($351,887); 12 percent on project management ($239,558); 10.5 percent on
contractual services and camp support ($210,014); 10 percent on victim
assistance ($208,165); seven percent on mine risk
education ($135,730).[50]
The Yemeni mine action program is funded by the government and by
international donors. Mine action funding in Yemen totaled some $6.1 million in
2004, including $3,487,480 contributed by the Yemeni government. Landmine
Monitor estimates that the following governments allocated approximately
$2,641,075 to the mine action program in Yemen in 2004:
In 2004, YEMAC recorded 17 new landmine/UXO casualties in at least five mine
and four UXO incidents; nine people were killed and eight injured in Aden,
Al-Dhala, Ibb and Taiz
governorates.[59] At least 15
casualties were children.[60] It is
possible, however, that not all mine casualties are reported, especially if
people are killed or injured in remote areas. The casualty rate appears to be
relatively constant over recent years, with 18 mine/UXO casualties (12 killed
and six injured) reported in 2003. Reported casualties in 2004 include an
incident on 10 February 2004, in which a 13-year-old girl herding sheep in
Al-Madou village (Al-Dhala governorate) lost her right leg when a landmine
exploded.[61] On 19 June, a
30-year-old man was injured by an antipersonnel mine in Al-Nadira (Ibb
governorate). On 5 July, a 15-year-old child was injured in an antipersonnel
mine incident in Al-Radma (Ibb).[62]
On 14 July, two girls herding sheep in Juban district (Al-Dhala) were badly
injured in a mine explosion.[63]
On 17 April 2004, a YEMAC deminer was killed in a landmine
accident.[64]
According to the Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA), at the end
of 2004, a UXO explosion in Jabal Ras, Hodeidah governorate injured 12 people
and involved five others who did not need medical
attention.[65]
Landmine casualties continued to be reported in 2005, with four people killed
and 15 injured in mine/UXO incidents to August 2005. Reported casualties
include a 20-year-old man injured by an antipersonnel mine in Rada (Al-Baida),
on 16 March. In April, a British major and two officers, and two Yemenis were
injured when a landmine exploded in a rugged area north of
Aden.[66] On 8 April, five girls
were injured while herding their sheep, when an antipersonnel mine exploded in
Damt (Al-Dhala).[67] The area was
marked with white signs, which the girls thought meant it was
safe.[68] However, according to
YEMAC, white signs mean that survey teams had marked the area for
demining.[69]On 1 July, one man
was injured by an antipersonnel mine in Al-Had (Lahej). On 14 July, two people
were killed and four others injured in an antipersonnel mine explosion in Shoaib
(Al-Dhala). On 26 July, a 22-year-old YEMAC deminer was injured during
clearance operations in Bani Bahlol
(Sana’a).[70] On 13 August, a
YEMAC deminer was killed in a landmine accident in Jabal Hurwah on the outskirts
of Sana’a.[71]
The Landmine Impact Survey completed in July 2000 recorded a total of 4,904
mine/UXO casualties in 592 mine-affected villages, including 2,560 people killed
and 2,344 injured.[72] As of
January 2005, 1,195 of 1,779 survivors identified by the LIS in 476 villages had
been interviewed as part of the Yemen victim assistance
program.[73] YEMAC maintains
casualty data in its IMSMA
database.[74]
Survivor Assistance
At the First Review Conference in Nairobi, Yemen was identified as one of 24
States Parties with significant numbers of mine survivors and “the
greatest responsibility to act, but also the greatest needs and expectations for
assistance” in providing adequate services for the care, rehabilitation
and reintegration of survivors.[75]
Two Yemeni mine survivors participated in the Raising the Voices training
program in Geneva in June 2004, the Landmine Monitor Report 2004 launch
in Cairo, and the Survivors Summit and First Review Conference in Nairobi in
November-December 2004.
Yemen provided information on mine victim assistance activities in Form I of
its annual Article 7 report.[76]
As part of its commitment to the Nairobi Action Plan, Yemen has identified
its objectives for the period 2005 to 2009 to address the needs of mine
survivors. The objectives include: identifying, interviewing and registering
all mine survivors; providing emergency and continuing care and physical
rehabilitation for 2,000 mine survivors; socioeconomic reintegration of 500
survivors through vocational training and establishing small
businesses.[77]
The final report of the GICHD evaluation mission to Yemen in April 2005
concluded that, “The Yemeni Landmine/UXO Victim Assistance Programme ...
is probably one of the most advanced in the world. Success can be attributed to
a combination of high-level Government support, qualified and dedicated staff, a
well-defined strategic approach, and strong support by the YEMAC Programme
Manager.”[78] However, it
would appear that there is a lack of coordination between the different actors,
both government and non-government, involved in survivor assistance and
disability issues more generally, and many landmine survivors and other people
with disabilities are not aware of the services that are available. In
addition, landmine survivors are reportedly excluded or not welcomed by
organizations for persons with disabilities, because survivors are perceived as
‘special cases’ that can get their support elsewhere. Mine
survivors have difficulties finding a job, even after completing a vocational
training program, and usually rely on family support. One of the biggest
challenges for landmine survivors is the geography of Yemen itself, including
the inaccessible terrain and lack of mobility caused by insufficient
transport.[79]
The revised and extended Mine Action Strategic Plan for 2004-2009 defines
survivor assistance as one of the
priorities.[80] Within the mine
action program, landmine victim assistance is coordinated and implemented by
YEMAC through the Victim Assistance Department (VAD), and monitored by NMAC. In
some cases, NMAC distributes the funding for landmine-related projects, which
reportedly makes obtaining independent funding for disability-related projects
more difficult for some NGOs.[81]
The mine action program covers all medical and rehabilitation costs of landmine
survivors, including artificial limbs, and has developed a limited economic
reintegration capacity through vocational training and assistance in
establishing small businesses.[82]
The Victim Assistance Advisory Committee (VAAC) was established to assist
with the planning and evaluation of victim assistance activities; however, the
committee is reportedly no longer functional and has no decision- or
policy-making capacity.[83]
Representatives on the VAAC included the Ministry of Public Health and
Population (MoPHP), Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (MoLSA), Ministry of
Vocational Training and Technical Education, and
NGOs.[84] UNDP provides technical
assistance, funding, donor coordination, management support and training.
Survivor assistance is the smallest component of the mine action program, and
requires capacity-building and strengthening of human
resources.[85]
The Yemen Landmine Victim Assistance Program includes four components:
visiting all mine survivors in their villages and opening a file; general
medical and physical examination to determine needs and treatment; providing
medical care and rehabilitation as needed, including the supply of devices;
socioeconomic reintegration. As of February 2005, the VAD had opened files on
1,195 landmine survivors. In 2004, 550 people were registered, including 55
women and 68 children. Under phase two of the program, 148 survivors, including
15 children, were examined by doctors and specialists, and 119 survivors
received medical and rehabilitative support; 21 survivors received prostheses,
29 received physiotherapy treatment, six received hearing aids, 19 received eye
glasses, five received wheelchairs, and 32 underwent surgery (including eye
surgery). The program continues in
2005.[86]
Health facilities are limited in most regions in Yemen, especially in rural
areas where there are health clinics, but adequately trained staff, essential
medicines, transport and other necessary facilities are sometimes lacking.
Sana’a and other major cities such as Aden and Taiz have hospitals with
surgical units capable of handling landmine injuries including amputations.
Through the work of the VAD all mine/UXO casualties reportedly have access to
first aid, with the average evacuation time to reach a first aid clinic around
30 minutes. Transport is also provided to the nearest major hospital where
surgery and other advanced facilities are
available.[87] However, many mine
survivors live in remote mountainous villages and reportedly face difficulties
in accessing services.[88]
In December 2004, the Iranian Red Crescent Society opened a new 70-bed
medical center/hospital in Sana’a. The center includes advanced
facilities for eye surgery and
emergencies.[89]
The General Hospital in Aden receives some survivors sent by YEMAC and has a
physiotherapy unit for outpatients. However, the unit, with four
physiotherapists, is not functioning to its full capacity since the withdrawal
of the expatriate advisor, previously provided by Movimondo. As of April 2005,
about 60 mine/UXO survivors from Al-Dhala, Abyan and Qataba received medical
check-ups at the hospital and one of the recent mine casualties was still being
treated in the hospital.[90]
When necessary, mine survivors requiring specialized treatment are sent
abroad. In 2004, two mine/UXO survivors — a 16-year-old boy and a
13-year-old girl — received specialized treatment in Italy; a third
survivor is on the waiting list.[91]
Other landmine survivors have also received treatment abroad in the past,
through NGOs or bilateral
aid.[92]
Physical rehabilitation services are reportedly available in major hospitals
and through MoPHP prosthetic workshops in Sana’a, Aden, Hodeidah and
Mukalla.[93] MoLSA also operates a
community-based rehabilitation
program.[94]
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) assists MoPHP’s
National Artificial Limbs and Physiotherapy Center in Sana’a and a center
in Mukalla, in the remote Hadramawt governorate, with technical advice and the
supply of raw materials, components, equipment, and on-the-job training for
prosthetic/orthotic technicians. In 2004, more than 1,700 people received
physical rehabilitation services through ICRC assistance in the two centers,
including the fitting of 363 prostheses (311 in Sana’a and 52 in Mukalla),
and 1,469 orthoses (1,092 in Sana’a and 377 in Mukalla); 45 prostheses and
six orthoses were for mine survivors. ICRC also subsidized the training of two
prosthetic/orthotic technicians at Mobility India in
Bangalore.[95] The center in
Mukalla is reportedly not operating at its full capacity due to a lack of
managerial capacity, people are not sufficiently aware of the existence of the
center, and women are discouraged from attending; the center aims to fit 150
prostheses per year.[96] Most
people assisted at the centers pay a nominal sum, never exceeding $20.
Additional costs are subsidized by
MoPHP.[97]
Handicap International (HI) supports two physical rehabilitation centers in
Taiz and Aden in cooperation with MoLSA and MoPHP. HI is no longer involved in
the daily management of the Aden center, but provides technical advice and
continues to train orthopedic technicians, assistants and physiotherapists from
both centers. The centers charge a fee determined by the social workers. In
2004, the Aden center assisted 2,552 people and provided 4,533 physiotherapy
sessions, mainly to children. The workshop produced 1,867 devices (including
123 prostheses), repaired 592 devices, and provided 488 crutches, cerebral palsy
chairs and wheelchairs. Mobile teams regularly visit health services in Aden
governorate to facilitate access to orthopedic devices for people in remote
areas. The center received finance support from the Social Fund for
Development.[98] The Taiz center
was completely nationalized in January 2005. However, it is reportedly not
operating to its full capacity since the withdrawal of HI, and suffers from
managerial and financial difficulties, as MoPHP only covers the salaries of the
staff and raw materials, but not other running costs. The staff reportedly
suffer from a lack of motivation as their government salaries are no longer
supplemented with incentives since the withdrawal of
HI.[99] HI also trains
physiotherapists in Al-Kharaz refugee camp, between Aden and
Taiz.[100]
The Italian NGO Movimondo’s program provides training for Yemeni
physiotherapists and nurses, with the support of the Italian government in
coordination with MoPHP, in two health institutes in Sana’a and Aden. The
project was scheduled to end in July 2005, but in Aden the project has been
handed over to the ad hoc supervision of MoPHP and HI. In Sana’a there
were 21 students, and 14 in Aden. Nurses in hospitals in Al-Beida, Al-Nadira,
Al-Dhala and Radda were also trained in physiotherapy, but not all are working
in physiotherapy due to a lack of resources. The Amin Nashr center in Aden
continues to provide physiotherapy courses, but lacks consistent and long-term
expert advice since the departure of Movimondo, limiting the opportunities for
practical training. HI provides technical advice, theory classes and practical
training at the Aden physical rehabilitation
center.[101]
The Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) operates the Landmine
Victims and Other Severely Accident Disabled Adults community-based
rehabilitation program, which includes physiotherapy, vocational training,
financial assistance and awareness raising in Hodeidah governorate and Makbana.
ADRA provides funding for surgical procedures, transportation and accommodation
for people with disabilities, including landmine survivors, and operates a small
workshop producing mobility devices; however, it lacks equipment and is in need
of technical advice. Many students receive sewing training at the center, and
additional training is provided in two villages; 15 women run a small sewing
business.[102] ADRA also operates
a program to support disabled under-18-year-olds in the districts of Hais,
Khokha and Jabel Ras (Hodeidah), and in Makbana (Taiz). In 2004, the programs
were forced to down-scale after the planned handover and financing of MoLSA fell
through. The Hodeidah community-based rehabilitation program is running on
minimum capacity with three field staff and one vocational trainer, and the
other projects have been temporarily put on
hold.[103] ADRA receives no
funding through YEMAC.[104]
However, in 2005 MoLSA stated that ADRA receives $10,000 a quarter to support
landmine/UXO survivors.[105]
As of 2004, Rädda Barnen stopped all direct involvement in mine survivor
assistance to focus on inclusive education. However, the organization still
provides referrals for medical and rehabilitation assistance, and supervises
community-based rehabilitation in several refugee camps near Aden and receives
the disability data collected at the camps. The team identified 60 children with
disabilities in Al-Kharas refugee camp, and provides physiotherapy and
referrals.[106]
Psychological support is available at clinics in Sana’a and Aden.
However, under the YEMAC assistance program there is no budget for psychological
support, and it is not perceived as a
priority.[107]
In 2004, YEMAC created the Yemen Association for Landmine and UXO Survivors
(YALS), to promote the socioeconomic reintegration of mine/UXO survivors; the
association is run by two mine survivors. YALS started its first activities in
April 2004 and was officially opened in September 2004. Landmine survivors from
mine-affected areas come to the center in Sana’a to undertake short
vocational training courses and later return to their homes to set up a small
business; there is a special focus on women. The first group of 45 landmine/UXO
survivors undertook courses in computers, administration and sewing. The first
students graduated from the training program in May 2005. In addition, about
ten micro businesses (telecommunications and gas shops) were started with
guidance from YALS in Sana’a, and in the mine-affected areas of Abyan,
Damt, Al-Nadira, Qataba and Aden. YALS plays an important role in advocacy and
awareness raising, and selects students from different mine-affected areas to
ensure greater awareness throughout
Yemen.[108] The program is
supported by Japan.[109]
The Vocational Rehabilitation Center for People with Special Needs in Aden
provides vocational training courses of between six months and two years in
carpentry, office work, sewing, leatherwork, textiles and the production of
mobility aids, and literacy classes. Graduates are provided with a small loan
of between YR1,200 and 12,000 (roughly $6.50 to $65.00) to start a business; 80
of 85 businesses established have been successful. In April 2005, four landmine
survivors were receiving training. The carpentry workshop covers 65 percent of
the center’s costs. The center is in the same compound as the Physical
Rehabilitation Center. The Vocational Rehabilitation Center also receives
technical support from HI, the Social Fund for Development provides the
buildings, and the Disability Fund provides
funding.[110]
The Challenge Association for Physically Disabled Women (CAPDW) assists about
552 women with disabilities, including mine survivors, in isolated areas in
Sa’ada, Abyan, Lahjeh Aden and Hajja. Assistance includes medical
referrals, dental care, psychosocial support, vocational and literacy training,
primary and secondary education for the blind and deaf, economic assistance, and
awareness raising on disability issues. There are about 13 ongoing education
projects and workshops, including sewing, secretarial training and computer
classes. CAPDW has 1,500 women on its waiting list for services, including 280
landmine survivors referred by YEMAC; however, the center is limited by a lack
of resources. CAPDW receives support from the Social Fund for
Development.[111]
The Aden Association for the Physically Disabled (AAPD) provides vocational
training on a small scale, as well as sports and cultural activities. Its main
activity is awareness raising and lobbying for the rights for people with a
disability, working with the Ministry of Education to integrate disabled
children into mainstream education, improve accessibility, and organize cultural
events. It has 50 victims of war, including landmine survivors, among its
members, but does not work with other actors in survivor
assistance.[112]
The Arab Human Rights Foundation (AHRF) works to enhance awareness and
implementation of disability rights in Yemen, with a special focus on the
empowerment and reintegration of women. AHRF organizes capacity-building
workshops for people with disability, and for the government, schools, media and
civil society.[113]
Disability Policy and Practice
Yemen has legislation to protect the rights of all persons with
disabilities.[114] However,
according to several disability organizations and people with a disability, the
laws are not fully implemented and there is a lack of awareness concerning
disability.[115]
The government’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Policy for the period
2003-2005 includes the objective of establishing training centers for persons
with disabilities to facilitate their integration into society and economic
activity.[116]
The Rehabilitation Department within MoPHP analyzes the needs of people with
disabilities and coordinates activities at the national level. MoLSA has
reportedly developed a five-year strategic plan for persons with disabilities,
which has been forwarded to the Prime Minister’s office for
approval.[117]
The Social Fund for Development, and the Rehabilitation Fund and Care of
Handicapped Persons (Disability Fund) coordinate and finance disability
projects. The Social Fund for Development is also in contact with other
countries and regional bodies to develop regional disability
initiatives.[118] The Disability
Fund finances and facilitates services for disabled people, either by directly
assisting the disabled person visiting the fund, or through disability
organizations, NGOs and village chiefs; the fund runs a referral system and
finances the distribution of mobility devices, and also provides material and
technical assistance to disability organizations and the Disabled
Union.[119]
Landmine survivors, and other people with a disability, receive an allowance
of YR 1,000 (about $5.50) per month. However, this is insufficient for a
reasonable standard of living, according to NGOs working in the disability
sector and landmine survivors
themselves.[120]
[1]14th October
(official government newspaper), No. 13023, 20 April 2005.
[2] “Yemeni president
criticizes anti-landmine draft law,” Saba News Agency
(Sana’a), 14 February 2005.
[3] Previous reports were submitted
on 30 March 2004, 10 April 2003, 27 April 2002, 8 September 2001, 14 November
2000 and 30 November 1999.
[4] United Nations,
“Countries stand united in the battle against landmines,” 4 November
2004, www.un.int/angola/press_release_landmines.
[5] A 2003 report to the UN
Security Council said that landmines had been shipped from Yemen to Somalia.
Yemen denied that the government, or any official representative in it, had any
role in sending landmines to Somalia and insisted that the government takes
every precaution to prevent and suppress such illegal actions. “Report of
the Panel of Experts on Somalia Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1474
(2003),” delivered to the President of the Security Council on 4 November
2003 (Ref. S/2003/1035), paras. 136-137, pp. 31-32; reply from the Government of
Yemen by Mansour Al-Azi, Director, Yemen Executive Mine Action Center, to
Landmine Monitor, 21 September 2004.
[6] “Yemeni forces kill 46
rebels, wound 35 others,” Saba News Agency (Sana’a), 25 June
2004.
[7] “Yemeni mediators work to
calm deadly clashes with sectarian preacher,” Agence France-Presse
(Yemen), 26 June 2004.
[8] Most recently, Article 7
Report, Form D, 7 April 2005. This includes 1,000 each of PPMISR-2, PMD-6,
POMZ-2 and PMN mines.
[9] Article 7 Report, Form D, 7
April 2005. It states that 60 of each type of mine retained was used for
training, but does not subtract this from the 4,000 total. Apparently, the
mines were not destroyed in the training.
[10] See Landmine Monitor
Report 2004, pp. 866-867.
[11] Survey Action Center and
Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation, “Landmine Impact Survey: Republic
of Yemen, Executive Summary,” October 2000, p. 3.
[12] Telephone interview with
Faiz Mohammad, UNDP Advisor, Sana’a, 21 June 2005.
[13] Article 7 Report, Form C, 7
April 2005.
[14] See Landmine Monitor
Report 2004, p. 868.
[15] Interview with Ali Abdul
Raqeeb, Deputy Director, YEMAC, Sana’a, 12 June 2005; Geneva International
Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD), “Mid-Term Outcome Evaluation for
Strengthening National Capacity for Mine Action in Yemen-Phase II,” 2005,
p. 8.
[16] GICHD, “Mid-Term
Outcome Evaluation for Strengthening National Capacity for Mine Action in
Yemen-Phase II,” 2005, pp. 1-3; email from Mansour Al-Azi, Director,
YEMAC, 3 August 2005.
[17] GICHD, “Mid-Term
Outcome Evaluation for Strengthening National Capacity for Mine Action in
Yemen-Phase II,” 2005, pp. 6, 8.
[18] Presentation by Yemen,
Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Mine Risk Education and Mine Action
Technologies, Geneva, 14 June 2005; GICHD, “Mid-Term Outcome Evaluation
for Strengthening National Capacity for Mine Action in Yemen – Phase
II,” 2005, pp. 6, 8.
[19] GICHD, “Mid-Term
Outcome Evaluation for Strengthening National Capacity for Mine Action in
Yemen-Phase II,” 2005, pp. 6, 8.
[20] GICHD, “Mid-Term
Outcome Evaluation for Strengthening National Capacity for Mine Action in
Yemen-Phase II,” 2005, p. 11.
[21] Email from Mansour Al-Azi,
YEMAC, 8 August 2005.
[22] Email from Mansour Al-Azi,
YEMAC, 8 August 2005.
[23] GICHD, “Mid-Term
Outcome Evaluation for Strengthening National Capacity for Mine Action in
Yemen-Phase II,” p. 27; interview with Ahmed Yehia Alawi, IMSMA Director,
YEMAC, Sana’a, 13 June 2005.
[24] YEMAC, “Review Report
on Activities and Staffing for the Period January–December 2004,” p.
3.
[25] GICHD, “Mid-Term
Outcome Evaluation for Strengthening National Capacity for Mine Action in
Yemen-Phase II,” 2005, pp. 4, 6.
[26] Email from Mansour Al-Azi,
YEMAC, 8 August 2005.
[27] Email from Mansour Al-Azi,
YEMAC, 8 August 2005.
[28] UNDP, “Completion
Initiative Concept Paper and National Plans,” 15 June 2005, p. 113.
[29] UNDP, “Completion
Initiative Concept Paper and National Plans,” 15 June 2005, p. 113;
presentation by Yemen, Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Mine Risk Education
and Mine Action Technologies, Geneva, 14 June 2005.
[30] GICHD, “Mid-Term
Outcome Evaluation for Strengthening National Capacity for Mine Action in
Yemen-Phase II,” 2005, pp. V-VI, 1-2.
[31] GICHD, “Mid-Term
Outcome Evaluation for Strengthening National Capacity for Mine Action in
Yemen-Phase II,” 2005, pp. V-VI, 1, 2, 37.
[32] Mansour Al-Azi, “Mine
action in Yemen: an example of success,” Journal of Mine Action,
No. 9.1, Mine Action Information Center, James Madison University, www.maic.jmu.edu/journal/9.1/Focus/azi/azi.htm,
accessed 29 July 2005. [33] Email from Mansour Al-Azi,
YEMAC, 9 August 2005.
[34] Presentation by Yemen,
Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Mine Risk Education and Mine Action
Technologies, Geneva, 14 June 2005.
[35] Article 7 Report, Form F, 7
April 2005; email from Mansour Al-Azi, YEMAC, 3 August 2005; see Landmine
Monitor Report 2004, p. 868.
[36] Article 7 Report, Form G, 7
April 2005.
[37] Email from Mansour Al-Azi,
YEMAC, 3 and 8 August 2005.
[38] Telephone interview with
Faiz Mohammad, Advisor, UNDP, Sana’a, 21 June 2005.
[39] Interview with Ali Abdul
Raqeeb, Deputy Director, YEMAC, Sana’a, 13 June 2005; email from Mansour
Al-Azi, YEMAC, 8 August 2005; Mansour Al-Azi, “Mine action in Yemen: an
example of success,” Journal of Mine Action, N° 9.1, Mine
Action Information Center, James Madison University, www.maic.jmu.edu/journal/9.1/Focus/azi/azi.htm,
accessed 29 July 2005. [40] Email from Mansour Al-Azi,
Director, YEMAC, 8 August 2005.
[41] See Landmine Monitor
Report 2004, p. 870; GICHD, “Mid-Term Outcome Evaluation for
Strengthening National Capacity for Mine Action in Yemen – Phase
II,” UNDP, 2005, p. 11.
[42] Mansour Al-Azi, “Mine
action in Yemen: an example of success,” Journal of Mine Action,
N° 9.1, Mine Action Information Center, James Madison University, 29 July
2005.
[43] GICHD, “Mid-Term
Outcome Evaluation for Strengthening National Capacity for Mine Action in
Yemen-Phase II,” 2005, p. 11.
[44] Mansour Al-Azi, “Mine
action in Yemen: an example of success,” Journal of Mine Action,
No. 9.1, Mine Action Information Center, James Madison University,, www.maic.jmu.edu/journal/9.1/Focus/azi/azi.htm,
accessed 29 July 2005. [45] YEMAC, “Annual Report
2004,” accessed on 8 January 2005.
[46] Interview with Mansour
Al-Azi, YEMAC, Sana’a, 27 April 2005.
[47] Interview with Jamal
Jarallah Jawbah, UNDP, Sana’a, 30 April 2005.
[48] Interview with Aisha Saeed,
Chairperson of the Yemen Mine Action Authority, Aden, 1 May 2005.
[49] Interview with Aisha Saeed,
Yemen Mine Action Authority, Aden, 1 May 2005.
[50] Email from Faiz Mohammad,
UNDP, 14 August 2005.
[51] Mine Action Investments
database, www.mineaction.org, accessed 5
August 2005; emails from Elvan Isikozlu, Mine Action Team, Foreign Affairs
Canada, June-August 2005. Average exchange rate for 2004: UD$1 = C$1.3017. US
Federal Reserve, “List of Exchange Rates (Annual),” 3 January
2005.
[52] Article 7 Report Form J, 15
April 2005; email from Dirk Roland Haupt, Federal Foreign Office, 25 July 2005.
Average exchange rate for 2004: €1 = $1.2438, used throughout this report.
US Federal Reserve, “List of Exchange Rates (Annual),” 3 January
2005.
[53] Emails from Manfred Capozza,
Humanitarian Demining Advisor, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Italy, June-July
2005.
[54] Email to Landmine Monitor
from Freek Keppels, Arms Control and Arms Export Policy Division, Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, 4 August 2005.
[55] Email from Kitagawa Yasu,
Japanese International Campaign to Ban Landmines (JCBL), 10 August 2005, with
translation of Ministry of Foreign Affairs information sent to JCBL on 11 May
2005. Average exchange rate for 2004: ¥108.15 = US$1. US Federal Reserve,
“List of Exchange Rates (Annual),” 3 January 2005. The embassy of
Japan provided $450,000 for MRE and victim assistance, of which US$250,000 went
to YMAA, and US$200,000 reportedly went to victim assistance programming (from
mid 2004 until June 2005). Landmine Monitor (HI) interview with Jamal Jarallah
Jawbah, Program Analyst, Crisis Prevention & Recovery Unit, UNDP,
Sana’a, 30 April 2005.This figure has not been included in the
donor total calculated by Landmine Monitor; it is assumed to be in the total
funding reported by Japan.
[56] Email from Janine Voigt,
Diplomatic Collaborator, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1 July 2005. Average
exchange rate for 2004: CHF1 = $1.24. US Federal Reserve, “List of
Exchange Rates (Annual),” 3 January 2005.
[57] UNDP mine action website,
undp.org/bcpr/mineaction.
[58]US Department of
State, “FY 2006 Congressional Budget Justification for Foreign
Operations,” 15 February 2005, pp. 154-158;Defense Security
Cooperation Agency, “Humanitarian and Civic Assistance (HCA) and
Humanitarian Mine Action (HMA) Programs of the Department of Defense: Fiscal
Year 2004,” February 2005, p. 6; US Department of State, Office of Weapons
Removal and Abatement, “Demining Program History,” provided to
Landmine Monitor by email on 20 July 2005. See, as well, US report in this
edition of Landmine Monitor.
[59] Yemen response to the
co-chairs of the Standing Committee on Victim Assistance and Socio-Economic
Reintegration questionnaire (SC-VA questionnaire), June 2005; “YEMAC
Annual Report 2004,” Sana’a, 8 January 2005.
[60] Extract from YEMAC database
provided to Landmine Monitor at interview with Mansour Al-Azi, YEMAC,
Sana’a, 1 May 2005.
[61] “Injury of a child
girl in al-Dhala governorate,” Al-Ayyam (Aden newspaper), 12
February 2004.
[62] Email to Landmine Monitor
(HI) from Faiz Mohammad, UNDP, Sana’a, 14 August 2005.
[63] “Injury of two girls
in a mine explosion in al-Dhala,” Al-Ayyam, 16 July 2004.
[64] Email to Landmine Monitor
(HI) from Faiz Mohammad, UNDP, Sana’a, 14 August 2005.
[65] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Nagi Khalil, Country Director, ADRA, Sana’a, 1 May
2005.
[66]“Two missing
after battle,” Bath Chronicle, 2 May 2005.
[67] Email to Landmine Monitor
(HI) from Faiz Mohammad, UNDP, Sana’a, 14 August 2005.
[68] “Injured girls get
comprehensive care and the doctors believe their condition is stable,”
al-Ayyam, 13 April 2005.
[69] Landmine Monitor interview
with Mansour Al-Azi, YEMAC, Sana’a, 26 April 2005.
[70] Email to Landmine Monitor
(HI) from Faiz Mohammad, UNDP, Sana’a, 14 August 2005.
[71] “Demining worker
killed on mission,” Saba, 13 August 2005.
[72] For more information, see
Landmine Monitor Report 2004, p. 870.
[73] Presentation by Mansour
Al-Azi, YEMAC, Standing Committee on Victim Assistance and Socio-Economic
Reintegration, Geneva, 16 June 2005.
[74] Email to Landmine Monitor
(HI) from Mansour Al-Azi, YEMAC, 9 August 2004.
[75] United Nations, “Final
Report, First Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the
Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel
Mines and on Their Destruction,” Nairobi, 29 November-3 December 2004,
APLC/CONF/2004/5, 9 February 2005, p. 33.
[76] Article 7 Report, Form I, 7
April 2005.
[77] SC-VA questionnaire, June
2005.
[78] GICHD, “Mid-Term
Outcome Evaluation for Strengthening National Capacity for Mine Action in
Yemen-Phase II,” 2005, p. 24.
[79] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interviews during field visit to Yemen, 26 April-9 May 2005.
[80] “Five Year National
Strategic Mine Action Plan for Yemen, 2004-2009,” revised and extended
June 2004.
[81] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interviews during field visit to Yemen, 26 April-9 May 2005.
[82] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Mansour Al-Azi, YEMAC, Sana’a 1 May 2005.
[83] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interviews during field visit to Yemen, 26 April-9 May 2005.
[84] For more information, see
Landmine Monitor Report 2004, p. 871. Cooperation on victim assistance
with ICRC, UNICEF, ADRA, Movimondo and Rädda Barnen has ceased, but
continues with Handicap International.
[85] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Jamal Jarallah Jawbah, Program Analyst, Crisis Prevention &
Recovery Unit, UNDP, Sana’a, 30 April 2005.
[86] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Mansour Al-Azi, YEMAC, Sana’a, 1 May 2005; presentation by
Mansour al-Azi, Director, YEMAC, Standing Committee on Victim Assistance and
Socio-Economic Reintegration, Geneva, 16 June 2005; Article 7 Report, Form I, 7
April 2005.
[87] SC-VA questionnaire, June
2005; see also Landmine Monitor Report 2005, p. 871.
[88] Response to Landmine Monitor
Questionnaire by Aisha Saeed, Senior Program Officer, Rädda Barnen, Aden,
13 September 2004.
[89] “Speech by Dr Ahmad
Noorbala at the opening ceremony of Iranian Red Crescent medical center in
Yemen,” Sana’a, 5 December 2005, www.rcs.ir/english/details_en.aspx?id=2651,
accessed 31 August 2005.
[90] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Dr. Ahmed Ali Khaina, General Director, Aden General Hospital,
Aden, 28 April 2005.
[91] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Mansour Al-Azi, , YEMAC, Sana’a, 1 May 2005; see also
Landmine Monitor Report 2004, p. 872.
[92] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Lou’a Adbu Hamid and Mukhtar Ahmed Salem, Aden, 27 April
2005.
[93] SC-VA questionnaire, June
2005.
[94] See Landmine Monitor
Report 2004, p. 871.
[95] ICRC Physical Rehabilitation
Program, “Annual Report 2004,” Geneva, July 2005, pp. 41, 44.
[96] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Martin Amacher, Head of Delegation, ICRC, Sana’a, 3 May
2005.
[97] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Col. Saqqaf, Managing Director, National Artificial Limbs and
Physiotherapy Center, Sana’a, 3 May 2005.
[98] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Abdullah Mohammed Al-Dohaimi, Director, Aden Physical
Rehabilitation Center, Aden, 26 April 2005; “2004 Chart for the Orthopedic
Workshop and Rehabilitation Center Aden,” received at Landmine Monitor
(HI) interview with Abdullah Mohammed Al-Dohaimi, Aden, 27 April 2005; Landmine
Monitor (HI) interview with Fabiene Arnould, Country Director, HI, Aden, 27
April 2005.
[99] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Yahia Al-Salehi, Deputy-Director, Physical Rehabilitation Center,
Taiz, 7 May 2005.
[100] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Fabiene Arnould, HI, Aden, 27 April 2005.
[101] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Nasser Hizam Saad, Project Coordinator Assistant, Movimondo,
Sana’a, 3 May 2005; Landmine Monitor (HI) interview with Pol Aerts,
Physiotherapy Advisor, HI, Aden, 7 May 2005; Landmine Monitor (HI) interview
with Dr. Ahmed Ali Khaina, General Director, Aden General Hospital, Aden, 28
April 2005.
[102] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Rachel Chandiru, Head of Project, ADRA, Hais, 5 May 2005; see
also Standing Tall Australia and Mines Action Canada, “101 Great Ideas for
the Socio-Economic Reintegration of Mine Survivors,” June 2005, p. 88.
[103] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Nagi Khalil, Country Director, ADRA, Sana’a, 1 May
2005.
[104] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Mansour Al-Azi, YEMAC, Sana’a 1 May 2005; Landmine Monitor
(HI) interview with Nagi Khalil, ADRA, Sana’a, 1 May 2005.
[105] Landmine Monitor
interview with Huda Ali Ahmed, Director, Community Rehabilitation Program,
MoLSA, Sana’a, 27 April 2005.
[106] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Aisha Saeed, Senior Program Officer, Rädda Barnen, Aden, 26
April 2005; Landmine Monitor (HI) interview with Waleed Mohamed Elbashir,
Program Manager, SCF Sweden, Sana’a, 4 May 2005; monthly reports December
2004 until March 2005, internal documents received by Landmine Monitor (HI) at
interview with Aisha Saeed, Rädda Barnen, Aden, 8 May 2005; see also
Landmine Monitor Report 2004, p. 872; Standing Tall Australia and Mines
Action Canada, “101 Great Ideas for the Socio-Economic Reintegration of
Mine Survivors,” June 2005, p. 90.
[107] SC-VA questionnaire, June
2005; Landmine Monitor (HI) interview with Mansour Al-Azi, YEMAC, Sana’a,
1 May 2005; Landmine Monitor (HI) interview with Col. Fadhl, Head, Regional Mine
Action Branch, Aden, 8 May 2005.
[108] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Mansour Al-Azi, YEMAC, Sana’a, 1 May 2005; Landmine Monitor
(HI) interview with Saleh Al-Dahyani, Director, and Saba Ali Ahmad Al-Jiradi,
Deputy-Director, YALS, Sana’a, 30 April 2005; see also Standing Tall
Australia and Mines Action Canada, “101 Great Ideas for the Socio-Economic
Reintegration of Mine Survivors,” June 2005, p. 89.
[109] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Jamal Jarallah Jawbah, Program Analyst, Crisis Prevention &
Recovery Unit, UNDP, Sana’a, 30 April 2005.
[110] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Layla Abu Bakr Bashumaila, Director, Vocational Rehabilitation
Center for People with Special Needs, Aden, 27 April 2005.
[111] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Jamaleh Saleh Al-Bedhani, Head of Association, CAPDW,
Sana’a, 2 May 2005.
[112] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Mohammad Saleh, Director General, and Faisal Amin, Deputy
Chairman, AAPD, Aden, 27 April 2005.
[113] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Raja Abdullah Al-Masabi, Chairperson, AHRF, Sana’a, 2 May
2005; see also Standing Tall Australia and Mines Action Canada, “101 Great
Ideas for the Socio-Economic Reintegration of Mine Survivors,” June 2005,
p. 92.
[114] For more information see
Landmine Monitor Report 2004, pp. 873-874.
[115] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interviews with Saleh Al-Dahyani and Saba Ali Ahmad Al-Jiradi, YALS,
Sana’a, 30 April 2005; Mohammad Saleh and Faisal Amin, AAPD, Aden, 27
April 2005; Raja Abdullah Al-Masabi, AHRF, Sana’a, 2 May 2005.
[116] “Poverty Reduction
Strategy Paper (PRSP): 2003-2005,” Republic of Yemen, 31 May 2002, p.
86.
[117] SC-VA questionnaire, June
2005.
[118] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Mohammed Abdo Al-Zaghir, Head of Health and Social Protection
Unit, Social Fund for Development, 30 April 2005.
[119] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interview with Abdullah Al-Hamadani, General Manager, Disability Fund,
Sana’a, 2 May 2005.
[120] Landmine Monitor (HI)
interviews in Yemen, 26 April–9 May 2005.
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