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Angola
Support for Mine Action
The Republic of Angola has been one of the largest recipients of international mine action funding. In 2008–2012, it received a total of US$110 million, or an average of more than $22 million per year. In 2012, Angola received $13.7 million of which the United States (US) provided 63%.[1]
The European Union (EU) is also a major donor in Angola. In 2010, the EU awarded five international NGOs and one French commercial company €20 million ($26.5 million) for 2010–2012.[2] In 2013, the EU office in Angola announced it would provide another €20 million ($25 million) for mine action from 2013–2017.[3]
The government of Angola has contributed $230 million to mine action since 2008, an average of $46 million per year. In 2012, it contributed $76.7 million resulting in a $90 million overall budget, a level similar to the mine action program in Afghanistan.[4] National funding supports the Inter-sectoral Commission on Demining and Humanitarian Assistance (Comissão Nacional Intersectorial de Desminagem e Assistência Humanitária, CNIDAH), with funding going to coordination (salaries), quality control, and provincial offices. In 2012, the CNIDAH budget was approximately $14 million or 20% of national funding. The remaining 80% of the $76.7 million went to the Executive Commission for Demining (Comissão Executiva de Desminagem, CED), which was established in 2005 to fund development projects and provide financial support to the demining operations of the Angolan Armed Forces (Forças Armadas Angolanas), the National Reconstruction Office (Gabinete de Reconstrução Nacional), and the National Demining Institute (Instituto Nacional de Desminagem, INAD).[5] While a separate budget for INAD is not available, with its 57 demining brigades INAD is the largest demining operator in Angola and conducts most of the demining for the CED.[6]
Despite having one of the highest landmine casualty rates in the world, Angola did not receive international support for victim assistance in 2012. Angola’s national budget has several line items that potentially benefit landmine survivors. In 2011, CNIDAH budgeted AOA250 million ($2.7 million) for a national victim survey.[7] The Ministry of Health budgeted AOA1.04 billion ($11.1 million) for its annual support to the National Rehabilitation Hospital and Centre in Viana, outside Luanda, while the Ministry of Veterans Affairs budget to assist disabled veterans was AOA702 million ($7.5 million).[8] There is no available information on the number of landmine casualties that benefit from these facilities and programs. Budget information for 2012 is unavailable.
International contributions: 2012[9]
|
Donor |
Sector |
Amount (national currency) |
Amount ($) |
|
US |
Clearance |
$8,675,000 |
8,675,000 |
|
Japan |
Clearance |
¥134,029,992 |
1,679,153 |
|
Belgium |
Clearance |
€1,081,000 |
1,390,058 |
|
Finland |
Clearance |
€900,000 |
1,157,310 |
|
Netherlands |
Clearance |
€625,000 |
803,688 |
|
Total |
|
|
13,705,209 |
Summary of contributions: 2008–2012[10]
|
Year |
National contributions |
International contributions ($) |
Total Budget |
|
2012 |
76,712,584 |
13,705,209 |
90,417,793 |
|
2011 |
59,608,964 |
13,276,397 |
72,885,361 |
|
2010 |
29,183,023 |
42,298,823 |
71,481,846 |
|
2009 |
34,514,802 |
18,842,472 |
53,357,274 |
|
2008 |
30,085,109 |
22,136,534 |
52,221,643 |
|
Total |
230,104,482 |
110,259,435 |
340,363,917 |
[1] Belgium, Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW), Protocol V, Form F, 8 April 2013; response to Monitor questionnaire from Helena Vuokko, Desk Officer, Unit for Humanitarian Assistance, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, 2 April 2013; Japan, CCW, Amended Protocol II, 28 March 2013; response to Monitor questionnaire from Fabienne Moust, Policy Advisor, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 19 March 2013; and US Department of State, “To Walk the Earth in Safety 2013,” Washington DC, August 2013.
[2] Information provided by Maria Cruz Cristobal, Mine Action Desk, Security Policy Unit, Directorate-General for External Relations, EU, through David Spence, Minister Counsellor, Delegation of the European Union to the UN in Geneva, 20 June 2011.
[3] CNIDAH, “External Fund Raising Strategy 2013–2017,” paper presented at side event “Angola’s resource mobilisation strategy,” during Mine Ban Treaty Intersessional Standing Committee Meetings, 27–31 May 2013.
[4] Ibid.
[5] CED, “2011 Annual Report,” Luanda, January 2012; CNIDAH, “2011 Annual Report,” Luanda, undated; and Response from CNIDAH to Questions posed by the Co-Chairs of the Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, 29 June 2012, Question 9, p. 7.
[6] “Comissão executiva de desminagem possui 57 brigadas em Angola” (“Executive Commission for Demining has 57 brigades in Angola”), Agencia Angola Press (ANGOP), 20 May 2013.
[7] See the ICBL-CMC, “Angola: Casualties and Victim Assistance,” 21 August 2012; and ICBL-CMC, “Angola: Support for Mine Action,” 19 September 2012.
[8] 2011 Angola National Budget; and “ICBL-CMC, Angola: Support for Mine Action,” 19 September 2012.
[9] Average exchange rate for 2012: €1=US$1.2859; ¥79.82=US$1. US Federal Reserve, “List of Exchange Rates (Annual),” 3 January 2013.
[10] ICBL-CMC, “Country Profile: Angola: Support for Mine Action,” 19 September 2012.
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