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Bosnia and Herzegovina
Support for Mine Action
In Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), both national and international contributions were less in 2012 than in 2011. In 2012, the government contributed BAM16.8 million (US$11 million), a reduction of approximately 20% compared to 2011.[1] In its Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request in 2008, BiH committed to providing BAM20 million ($13 million) per year, and raising another BAM40 million ($26 million) from other local sources.[2] It has not met these targets by a large margin and, in 2012, fell even further behind.
The national funding raised in 2012, totaling BAM16.8 million ($11 million), came from 14 local sources, including the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH), the Ministry of Defense, the Bosnian Serb Republic (República Srpska, RS), the Brčko district, state utility companies, the state railway, and seven municipalities. The FBiH budget allocates funds to the BiH Mine Action Center (BHMAC) and the army, while cantons contribute to local Civil Protection Agency demining operations. In the Brčko district and the RS, funding also goes through the local Civil Protection Agency.[3]
National contributions: 2012[4]
|
National Local Sources |
Amount (BAM) |
Amount ($) |
|
Council of Ministers (BHMAC) |
5,839,734 |
3,839,625 |
|
Council of Ministers (Ministry of Defense) |
3,272,850 |
2,151,899 |
|
Council of Ministers (Ministry of Justice) |
33,735 |
22,181 |
|
Brčko district |
1,008,793 |
663,281 |
|
FBiH |
4,108,565 |
2,701,381 |
|
RS |
2,046,000 |
1,345,245 |
|
Ministry of Health and Social Protection |
36,070 |
23,716 |
|
Illitza Municipality |
179,727 |
118,171 |
|
Public Enterprise Elektroprivreda BiH (electric utility of BiH) |
20,719 |
13,623 |
|
BH Elektropruenos |
59,641 |
39,214 |
|
BH Telecom |
20,100 |
13,216 |
|
BH Railways |
202,789 |
133,334 |
|
Limestone mine “Vijenac” Lukavac |
31,999 |
21,039 |
|
ZP “Elektro Doboj” |
16,848 |
11,078 |
|
Total |
16,877,570 |
11,097,002 |
Summary of national contributions: 2008–2012[5]
|
Year |
National contribution (BAM) |
National contribution ($) |
|
2012 |
16,877,750 |
11,097,002 |
|
2011 |
20,616,370 |
14,685,070 |
|
2010 |
26,514,824 |
17,957,890 |
|
2009 |
21,718,346 |
15,441,412 |
|
2008 |
20,100,000 |
15,043,784 |
|
Total |
105,827,290 |
74,225,158 |
In 2012, international contributions toward mine action in BiH totaled $9.1 million, a decrease of 27% from 2011. The largest contributions were from Norway (NOK17 million/$2.9 million), the United States (US) ($2.3 million), and Germany (€1.3 million/$1.69 million).[6]
International contributions: 2012[7]
|
Donor |
Sector |
Amount (national currency) |
Amount ($) |
|
Norway |
Clearance, victim assistance |
NOK17,030,985 |
2,927,242 |
|
US |
Clearance |
$2,300,000 |
2,300,000 |
|
Germany |
Clearance |
€1,315,916 |
1,692,136 |
|
Japan |
Clearance |
¥66,793,855 |
836,806 |
|
Switzerland |
Clearance |
CHF530,000 |
565,213 |
|
Canada |
Clearance, victim assistance |
C$492,746 |
492,992 |
|
Italy |
Clearance |
€200,000 |
257,180 |
|
Luxembourg |
Clearance |
€85,342 |
109,741 |
|
Total |
|
|
9,181,310 |
Since 2008, international assistance to BiH has steadily declined by 63% (some $15.4 million), regardless of the fact that BiH is far off-track from meeting its Article 5 obligations by 2019 and will be unable to meet its obligations without international support. While national contributions have been steadier, despite the 25% decline in the US dollar value of its contribution in 2012, the combined annual expenses nevertheless fall far below the targets set in BiH’s Article 5 Extension Request that assesses annual funding needs from national and international sources combined as approximately BAM80 million ($52 million) per year.[8]
A decrease in all victim assistance services provided by NGOs continued in 2012, mainly linked with the ongoing decline in international funding; however, there were continued improvements in the quality and availability of state services.[9]
Summary of contributions: 2008–2012[10]
|
Year |
National contribution (BAM) |
National contribution ($) |
International contribution ($) |
Total contribution ($) |
|
2012 |
16,877,750 |
11,097,002 |
9,181,310 |
20,278,312 |
|
2011 |
20,616,370 |
14,685,070 |
12,637,440 |
27,322,510 |
|
2010 |
26,514,824 |
17,957,890 |
11,845,607 |
29,803,497 |
|
2009 |
21,718,346 |
15,441,412 |
18,513,072 |
33,954,484 |
|
2008 |
20,100,000 |
15,043,784 |
24,550,453 |
39,594,237 |
|
Total |
105,827,290 |
74,225,158 |
76,727,882 |
150,953,040 |
[1] Bosnia and Herzegovina Mine Action Center (BHMAC), “Bosnia and Herzegovina Mine Action Annual Report 2012,” 25 March 2012, p. 24.
[2] Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request, 27 June 2008, p. 16.
[3] BHMAC, “Bosnia and Herzegovina Mine Action Annual Report 2011,” 25 March 2012.
[4] Average exchange rate for 2012: BAM1.5209=US$1. Oanda, www.oanda.com.
[5] ICBL-CMC, “Country Profile: Bosnia and Herzegovina: Support for Mine Action,” 19 September 2012.
[6] ITF Enhancing Human Security Annual Report 2012, Slovenia, 2013, p. 36; Canada, Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report, Form J, 30 April 2013; Germany, Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW), Protocol II, Form B, 22 March 2013; Italy Financial Tracking System, Reliefweb, fts.unocha.org/pageloader.aspx?page=search-reporting_display&CQ=cq240413220104Nk8VOBnyzx; Japan, CCW, Amended Protocol II, 28 March 2013; response to Monitor questionnaire by Ingunn Vatne, Senior Advisor, Department for Human Rights, Democracy and Humanitarian Assistance, Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 11 April 2013; response to Monitor questionnaire by Claudia Moser, Section for Multilateral Peace Policy, Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, Switzerland, 22 March 2013; and email from Megan Burke, Survivor Network Project, 23 May 2013.
[7] Average exchange rate for 2012: C$0.9995=US$1; €1=US$1.2859; ¥79.82=US$1; NOK5.8181=US$1; CHF0.9377=US$1. US Federal Reserve, “List of Exchange Rates (Annual),” 3 January 2013.
[8] Mine Ban Treaty, Article 5 deadline Extension Request, 27 June 2008, p. 16.
[9] ICBL-CMC, “Country Profile: Bosnia and Herzegovina: Casualties and Victim Assistance,” 1 September 2013.
[10] ICBL-CMC, “Country Profile: Bosnia and Herzegovina: Support for Mine Action,”19 September 2012.
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