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Angola
Support for Mine Action
In 2009, for the first time, Angola reported its mine action contribution. It provided AOA3,488,191.042 (US$44,997,664). Government of Angola funding supported the activities of the Inter-sectoral Commission on Demining and Humanitarian Assistance (Comissão Nacional Intersectorial de Desminagem e Assistência Humanitária, CNIDAH) to coordinate mine action. CNIDAH-funded activities included support to 17 provincial offices of the National Demining Institute (Instituto Nacional de Desminagem, INAD) for survey and clearance by Angolan commercial companies in support of the country’s national development priorities. INAD reported its 2009 expenditures were AOA1,080,093,643 ($13,933,208).[1]
Government funding included AOA1,025,678,589 ($13,231,254) for victim assistance.[2] Most victim assistance funding went towards equipment and the orthopedic center in Viana, while at least six of 11 rehabilitation centers faced financial problems, and another two closed in 2009 due to a lack of funding.[3]
National contributions: 2009[4]
|
Purpose |
Sector |
Amount (AOA) |
Amount ($) |
|
INAD |
Clearance |
1,080,093,643 |
13,933,208 |
|
CNIDAH provincial offices |
Clearance |
486,362,513 |
6,274,076 |
|
Orthopedic equipment |
Victim assistance |
400,000,000 |
5,160,000 |
|
Orthopedic hospital in Viana |
Victim assistance |
328,000,000 |
4,231,200 |
|
Equipment |
Clearance |
215,990,189 |
2,786,273 |
|
Orthopedic center in Viana |
Victim assistance |
199,200,000 |
2,569,680 |
|
Explosive ordnance disposal |
Clearance |
140,624,866 |
1,814,061 |
|
Executive Commission for Demining (Comissão Executiva de Desminagem, CED) |
Clearance |
129,600,000 |
1,671,840 |
|
CNIDAH–Coordination of clearance operators |
Clearance |
119,232,000 |
1,538,093 |
|
Rapid response teams |
Clearance |
100,878,000 |
1,301,326 |
|
INAD–Victim assistance |
Victim assistance |
98,478,589 |
1,270,374 |
|
Survey/area reduction |
Clearance |
83,999,698 |
1,083,596 |
|
Warehouses for demining equipment |
Clearance |
78,400,000 |
1,011,360 |
|
Quality assurance |
Clearance |
19,879,544 |
256,446 |
|
Public relations |
Clearance |
7,452,000 |
96,131 |
|
Total |
|
3,488,191,042 |
44,997,664 |
Angola has been one of the largest recipients of international mine action funding. In 2005–2006 it received $83.9 million and in 2007–2009 another $60.7 million. Although the contributions in 2007–2009 represent a significant decline in funding from international donors, the decline is partly the result of the expiration of large UNDP-supported capacity-building projects and smaller donor contributions. In 2009, 13 donors contributed $18,842,472 to mine action in Angola, compared to 18 donors and $35,771,510 in 2005.[5] Almost all contributions were for clearance; only Japan provided funding for victim assistance.
International government contributions: 2009[6]
|
Donor |
Sector |
Amount (national currency) |
Amount ($) |
|
United States |
Clearance |
$8,163,494 |
8,163,494 |
|
United Kingdom |
Clearance |
£1,607,973 |
2,518,247 |
|
Netherlands |
Clearance |
€1,372,000 |
1,911,882 |
|
Japan |
Clearance, victim assistance |
¥162,149,580 |
1,730,136 |
|
Denmark |
Clearance |
DKK6,600,000 |
1,231,956 |
|
Germany |
Clearance |
€702,934 |
979,539 |
|
Finland |
Clearance |
€675,000 |
940,613 |
|
Spain |
Clearance |
€425,772 |
593,313 |
|
Italy |
Clearance |
€205,000 |
285,668 |
|
Ireland |
Clearance |
€130,000 |
181,155 |
|
European Commission |
Clearance |
€116,788 |
162,744 |
|
Switzerland |
Clearance |
CHF90,925 |
83,725 |
|
Poland |
Clearance |
N/R |
60,000 |
|
Total |
|
|
18,842,472 |
N/R = not reported
Summary of contributions: 2005–2009[7]
|
Year |
National contributions ($) |
International contributions ($) |
Total contributions ($) |
|
2009 |
44,997,664 |
18,842,472 |
63,840,136 |
|
2008 |
30,085,109 |
22,136,534 |
52,221,643 |
|
2007 |
N/R |
19,794,794 |
19,794,794 |
|
2006 |
2,500,000 |
48,108,122 |
50,608,122 |
|
2005 |
3,000,000 |
35,771,510 |
38,771,510 |
|
Total |
80,582,773 |
144,653,432 |
225,236,205 |
N/R = not reported
[1] INAD 2009 Annual Report,” 2010, p. 27; Average exchange rate for 2009, AOA1=US$1.0178. Oanda,www.oanda.com.
[2] Average exchange rate for 2009: AOA1=US$0.0129. Oanda, www.oanda.com.
[3] The six centers were Gabela, Kuito, Lubango, Luena, Negage, and Neves Bendinha. Center Neves Bendinha was closed for renovations and the center in Lubango needed a new roof. Interview with Bernando Enoque, Secretary of Cooperation and Advocacy, Angolan Association of Disabled Persons (Associação dos Deficientes de Angola), Luanda, 19 April 2010; and interview with Florinda Antonio Andre, Victim Assistance Assistant, CNIDAH, Luanda, 15 April 2010.
[4] Ibid; and Ministry of Finance, “Orçamento do Ano Corrente - Exercício 2009” (“Current Year Budget – Year 2009”), www.minfin.gv.ao.
[5] See Landmine Monitor Report 2006, p. 173.
[6] Emails from Klaus Koppetsch, Desk Officer, Mine Action Task Force for Humanitarian Aid, German Federal Foreign Office, 8 April 2010; Miki Nagashima, Conventional Arms Division, Disarmament, Non-proliferation and Science Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 13 May 2010; Gerhard Zank, Southeast Asia Desk Officer, HALO Trust, 15 July 2010; Craig Nightingale, Finance Officer, Mines Advisory Group, 9 June 2010; Mark Fitzpatrick, Programme Manager, Department for International Development, 14 June 2010; Maria Cruz Cristóbal, Mine Action Desk, Security Policy Unit, Directorate-General for External Relations, EC, 16 June 2010; Sirpa Loikkanen, Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 17 May 2010; Jacek Wasilewski, Second Secretary, Embassy of Poland, 10 May 2010; responses to Monitor questionnaire by Ira Amin, Intern, Multilateral Peace Policy Section, Directorate of Political Affairs, Political Affairs Division IV, Human Security, Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, 20 April 2010; Vilde Rosén, Advisor, Humanitarian Disarmament Department for UN, Peace and Humanitarian Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 13 April 2010; Ruaidhri Dowling, Deputy Director, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Section, Department of Foreign Affairs, 23 February 2010; Italy Convention on Conventional Weapons Amended Protocol II Article 13 Report, Form B, 25 September 2009; and Spain Article 7 Report, Form J, 30 April 2010. Average exchange rate for 2009: £1=US$ 1.5661; €1=US$1.3935; ¥1=US$0.01067; DKK1=US$0.18666; CHF1=US$0.92081. US Federal Reserve, “List of Exchange Rates (Annual),” 4 January 2010.
[7] Ministry of Finance, “Resumo da Despesa por Funcao e Programa” (“Summary of Expenditure By Function and Program”), www.minfin.gv.ao; and see Landmine Monitor Report 2009, p. 185; Landmine Monitor Report 2008, p. 152; and Landmine Monitor Report 2007, p. 160.
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